Isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi yisikhathi esingenakuqondakala kubantu abaningi, okuhunyushwa ngokukhululekile kwegama elithi "obscurantism" futhi lihunyushwe kusuka kwisiLatini ngokuthi "ukufihla". Kungasetshenziswa ezinhlokweni zokuphila ezihlukene, kuqale nenkolo futhi kuphele nohulumeni.
Iyini le-obscurantism?
Imoya yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, esekelwe esimweni sengxabano ngesayensi, isiko kanye nenkululeko yomuntu siqu, ibizwa ngokuthi i-obscurantism. Njengokugeleza okuhleliwe, kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Abantu abaningi, bachaza ukuthi lokhu kuyisimiso esicacile, khuluma ngokukhulekela amademoni. Le samanje isekelwe emibonweni eminingana:
- ukulimala kokufundisa inani elikhulu labantu;
- ithonya elibhubhisayo lezinguquko zesayensi nesayensi;
- ukuphikisana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezihlose ukwandisa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukuqamba nokungazi
Kodwa kuyadabukisa kungase kuzwakale, kodwa ukungazi lutho nokungazi yizingxenye zomphakathi wanamuhla, okuyinto empeleni, kuyizimpikiswano. Uma siqhathanisa izifiso zabantu banamuhla nalabo abahlala eminyakeni yama-60 no-70, umehluko uhlukile. I-Obscurantism yabangela ukuthi abantu bayeka ukuzama ukuthola imfundo (ngokomzimba, emlandweni, emathematika), bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisikhathi sesikhathi futhi ungathola imali ngaphandle kwayo. Ukuze uhlangane nomuntu onenkinga ehlukahlukene oh akulula. Okuzoholela kulo mkhuba akucacile, kodwa amathemba, ngeshwa, ayadabukisa.
I-pseudoscience ne-obscurantism
Muva nje, izibikezelo ezihlukahlukene zezinkanyezi, amasu okusebenza ngamandla, i-telekinesis nezinye izikhombandlela zithandwa kakhulu, ezingenaso isiqiniseko sesayensi, nakuba zingekho amaphutha kuzo. Konke lokhu kuyi-pseudoscience, okuyisibonelo se-obscurantism engewona ongokwenkolo. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi isayensi ibonisa i-conservatism ngokweqile ngokuphathelene neminye imikhakha eminye futhi ezinye izimpikiswano zisesimweni somusa.
I-Orthodox obscurantism
Ukusebenzisana kwenkolo kanye ne-obscurantism kubonakala kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yabantu. Ukuthola ukuthi i-obscurantism isho ukuthini ezinkambisweni zenkolo, kudingekile ukuthi siqaphele i-conservatism yangempela, ngoba umsebenzi wabo ukugcina ukuziphatha komphakathi. I-obscurantism yenkolo ibonakala ngesimo sengqondo esibi nganoma yiziphi izinto ezintsha. Abapristi bathi abantu kufanele bagcine yonke imithetho yesonto, baya esontweni njalo, bahambisane nokuvinjelwa nokunye.
Ngezinye izikhathi inkolo inikeza ukuphumula futhi njengesibonelo ongayenza i-intanethi, okwamanje nje isonto libizwa ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa ngudayisi, kepha emva kwesikhathi le mbono ibukeziwe futhi ihlukene namawebhusayithi asemthethweni ama-diocese, amaparishithi nokunye okunjalo kubonakala kwinethiwekhi. Kwezinye izindaba i-obscurantism isagcinwa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi akubonakali nje nge-Orthodoxy, kodwa nakwezinye izikhombisi zenkolo.
UHulumeni u-obscurantism
Kuyadabukisa ukukhuluma iqiniso, kodwa abantu abaphethe izikhundla zikahulumeni benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuvimbela abantu ukuba bangakha futhi bakhiphe izinkinga. I-obscurantism kaHulumeni ibonakala ekususweni kwezinkinga ezikhona kwisayensi, emasiko, emfundweni, njalonjalo. Kukhona uhlu lwezindlela ezisetshenziswa obscurantism:
- ukulingisa umsebenzi wesayensi;
- ukudalwa kwamadokhumenti aqanjiwe;
- ukungaziwa kahle komphakathi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene;
- ukwakheka kwemiphakathi eyimfihlo;
- ukubhujiswa kwabantu abanethalente nehlakaniphile;
- ukususwa kwabaphikisi.
Ungabhekana kanjani nesimo se-obscurantism?
Njengoba kunikezwe ukusabalalisa kwe-obscurantism ezinhlokweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, ngeke kube lula ukuwuqeda. Ukuphikisana no-obscurantism kuhilela izenzo eziningana, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izikhathi ezicacile.
- Umphakathi ohilelekile ekuxoxweni okuvulekile kwezinkinga ezikhona.
- Ukuphoqa ukuvinjelwa kokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile esimweni sokuzimela.
- Ukusabalalisa ulwazi ngokugcwele futhi ubonise ukungabi nemfundo nokuzimela kwabantu abenza ngokumelene nenqubekela phambili.
- Ukunqoba i-obscurantism yesimanje kungenzeka uma ukusakaza isayensi ngendlela efanele, okuzosiza ukuqeda ukungazi okukhona.
- Ukuphikiswa kokuntuleka kwamasiko kanye nobuqili, okuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-obscurantism.
- Ukusiza nokukhuthaza inkululeko yokudala, kuhlanganise nesayensi.