Emlonyeni womuntu, i-microorganisms eningi yemvelo ihlala, okuyinto engathinti kabi koqweqwe lwawo lwamazinyo. Amabhaktheriya abangela ukubhujiswa, okuyinto evame ukuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-caries. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo nesikhathi esifanele, lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha futhi sisakazeka kumazinyo enempilo.
Yini ephazamisayo?
Ukuhunyushwa kwegama le-pathology kusuka kuLatin - ukubola. Lesi sifo esicatshangelwayo inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ephuthumayo yokubhujiswa kwamazinyo okuzinyo ezinzima ngama-microbes. Ukubukeka kwe-caries kuchazwa yi-demineralization of koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo kanye nokubhujiswa kwesakhiwo salo ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kancane kancane kuthinteka nezinye izicubu ezinzima zinozinyo, kuhlanganise ne-dentin. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okulungile, i-periodontitis ne-pulp zivutha.
Izimbangela ze-caries:
- ukungalungile noma ukunganele ngokwengqondo ngomlomo;
- ukungabi namavithamini;
- ukudla okunomsoco okunamandla okudla okunomsoco we-carbohydrate;
- izifo ezingenangqondo zezidakamizwa zokwakha izifo;
- ukwelashwa komuthi wamathunjini;
- i-rickets noma isifo sofuba ku-anamnesis;
- izifo zamasosha omzimba;
- ukungabi ne-phosphorus, i- calcium noma i-fluorine;
- izikhala kanye nezikhala phakathi kwamazinyo;
- ukulunga okungalungile ngaphandle kokwelapha;
- isamba esincane, ukwakheka kwe-pathogenic yamathe;
- izakhi zofuzo.
Izinhlobo ze-caries
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kwesifo, kodwa odokotela basebenzisa ngokuvamile ukuhlukaniswa indawo nendawo. Kuncike endaweni yokubola, lezi zinhlobo zempilo ezihlukile zihlukaniswa:
- I-cervical - ihlala engxenyeni engezansi yezinyo, emngceleni ngegamu.
- Fissure (othintana naye) - ukubhujiswa emigodini yezinkampani.
- I-interdental - ihlukanisa ngezikhala phakathi kwamazinyo.
- Umgogodla - isilonda somlomo wesibeletho ngezinqubo zokubeka phansi ngaphansi kwegamu.
- Amazinyo amazinyo angaphambili - ukubhujiswa kwama-incisors emaphethelweni.
- Iatrogenic - umonakalo ozungeze ama-prostheses, ama-brace nezinye izakhiwo zokwelapha.
Izinyathelo ze-caries
Ngokwesilinganiso sokubhujiswa kwamathambo amazinyo anzima, lesi sifo sihlukaniswa ngamafomu alandelayo:
- Isiteji sendawo. Izinyosi zamazinyo kwezinye izindawo zishintsha umbala, ziba mhlophe. Ukwelashwa kwe-caries kulesi sigaba kuyashesha futhi kungenabuhlungu. I-Cretaceous stain ibonakala ngokubhujiswa okuncane kakhulu.
- I-caries yangaphandle. I-koqweqwe lwawo elahlekelwa ngamaminerali ayo, ithola isakhiwo esibi. Kukhona ukuzwela kwamazinyo okushisa, okubandayo, okumnandi nokumuncu.
- Isilinganiso se-caries. Amanxiwa hhayi nje koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, kodwa futhi nomngcele walo nge-dentin. Ukulimala kwazinyo kubonakala ngokucacile, ubuhlungu buzwa, ikakhulukazi lapho kuvezwa ukudla nokuphuza okucasulayo.
- Ama-deep caries. I-Rotting ifinyelela i-dentin nesendlalelo esiseduze ne-pulp. I-syndrome yesisu inomphela futhi iqinile.
Iyini i-caries eyingozi?
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukukhubazeka kuyaqhubeka ngokushesha futhi kubangela izinkinga. Ama-deep cental caries angaholela emiphumeleni elandelayo:
- I-pulpitis ukuvuvukala kwezakhiwo ezithambile zangaphakathi, kuhlanganise nezishukela, imithambo yegazi kanye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe.
- I-Periodontitis yikuhlukunyezwa nokuphazanyiswa kobuqotho bemigqa ebambe izinyo kusemasini nasemashumini.
- I-granuloma - isikhwama (i-cyst) egcwele ipus. Etholakala empandeni lezinyo, ukugxila kokutheleleka okungapheli emzimbeni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-caries nge-drilling
Ukulungiswa kwezindawo ezilimaziwe kuqinisekisa ukususwa kwazo zonke izicubu ezinamafutha kanye nezikhala. Nakuba lena yindlela kuphela yokuqeda ama-caries esigabeni esijulile sesifo. Amathisusi asusiwe athathwa esikhundleni sabantu abasebenza esikhundleni sezimpawu. Izinto zanamuhla zibukeka ngokwemvelo futhi azifani nombala kusuka kumazinyo abo enempilo.
Ukwelashwa kwama-caries - izigaba
Ukwelapha ngezigaba kanye nokwebiwa kwezindawo ezithintekile kwenziwa ngokuvumelana ne-standard standard, ezinye izinyathelo zingashintsha udokotela wamazinyo kuye ngokuthi izici zomuntu ngamunye ziphi. Ukwelashwa kwama-caries kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlanza. I-plaque kanye nelitshe lisuswa ezinyoweni ezigulayo nasezindaweni eziseduze.
- Anesthesia. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-anesthesia ayidingekile. Kuyadingeka uma isuswe ngokujulile futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukujova ukujola umzimba ngaphakathi kwegamu.
- Ukuqedwa kwezindawo ezithintekile. Ukulungiswa kwezindawo ezibolile nezicubu eziseduze zenziwa.
- Ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uphawu luhlala isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukukhipha noma yimuphi umswakama (amathe, amanzi avela emoyeni okhishwe umoya) kusukela ekungeneni izinyo eziphathwayo. Ngaphambilini, i-cotton swabs ne-gauze zokusula zasetshenziselwa le njongo, eyasetshenziswa endaweni elungiselelwe. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kwe-caries kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cofferdam. Kuyinto plate latex enikeza ukwahlukanisa ngokuphelele izinyo.
- Ilungiselela ukuvalwa. Izindawo ezidibeneyo ziphathwa nge-antiseptics, i-koqweqwe lwawo yenziwe nge-phosphoric acid kanye ne-adhesive. Lezi zigaba zokwelapha zivimbela ukutheleleka futhi zikhuthaza ukunamathela okungcono kwezinto ezibonakalayo kumathisheni wamazinyo. Lapho amaphuzu wokuxhumana namadonga ohlangothini ebhujiswa, udokotela wamazinyo abuyisela.
- Ukutywinwa. I-gasket ye-glasson-ionomere yamakhementi isethelwe phansi phansi emgodini olungiselelwe. I-photopolymer material iphezulu kakhulu, ekhethiwe ngombala wemvelo wamazinyo enempilo atholakalayo. Ingqimba ngayinye ikhanyiswa isibani esikhethekile, okuqinisekisa ukuqina koluphawu.
- Ukugaya. Isigaba sokugcina sokwelashwa siyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe amakhono okuhlafuna izinyo kanye nesimo sokuqala. Ukugaya kwenza kube bushelelezi futhi bushelelezi, njenge-koqweqwe lwawo.
Izinhlobo zokugcwalisa kwamazinyo
Izinto ezichazwe zihlukaniswe zibe yesikhashana futhi zihlala njalo. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-dentin yokufakelwa isetshenziswa. Bavala umcibisholo lapho i-arsenic ifakwa khona ukuze igweme futhi isuse inzwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3, lesi sine sisusiwe futhi enye yezinketho ezihlala njalo zokwelashwa isethwe:
- I-Cement. Izinto ezingabizi, izinto ezilula ukusebenzisa, ngokushesha ziyakhumula, zilandele kabi amazinyo.
- Metal. Isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwezimpawu zokufaka. Leli phepha alisho ukuthi lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngenxa yezinto ezingenelisekile zomzimba nezesimiso.
- Ipulasitiki noma inhlanganisela. Izinto ezihlala njalo, ezikhethwe kalula ngombala emthunzini wemvelo wamazinyo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zingase zibe yingozi, ngokushesha zibe mnyama futhi zibe nesibindi, okubangela ukubola kwesibili.
- Ama-photopolymers. Izinto zanamuhla, eziphephile nezingapheli zokwelashwa, zikhuni ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngenxa yezici ezinhle kakhulu zobuhle, iziqu ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ukuphulukisa izigqoko emazinyo angaphambili. Ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwemali kuhlawulelwa impilo yesikhathi eside.
- Depoforez. Emlonyeni wesiteshi esivuliwe, i-hydroxide yethusi ne-calcium isethelwe, i-electrode engenayo ifakiwe, i-electrode enhle isetshenziswa esihlathini. Ngemuva kokunikeza ukukhishwa ngo-2 mA, zonke izilwanyana ezincane zibhujiswa. Ngosizo lwe-depophoresis, ngisho nezinkinga zokucindezeleka ziyaphathwa.
- Ukugcwaliswa kwe-gutta-percha eshisayo. Izinto ezinokushisa ezifika ku-100 degrees zondliwe esiteshini. I-resin igcwalisa zonke izikhala futhi ngokushesha iyanzima.
- Ukugcwaliswa kwama-gutta-percha okubandayo. Enye noma izikhonkwane eziningana ezikhethiwe ezihambisana nesimo sendawo zifakwa esiteshini.
- I-seal-two seal (ene-gasket). I-sandwich inqubo yamazinyo iyinhlanganisela ye-ingilazi ye-ionomere yesinamende (ungqimba ongaphakathi) nokuhlanganiswa (ingxenye engaphandle).
Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelashwa kwe-caries
Esikhathini sokusebenza kwamazinyo okuqhubekayo, ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo bokulapha busetshenziswa:
Ukwelashwa kwama-caries ngaphandle kokumba amazinyo
Ezimweni ezilula zokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, umuntu akakwazi ukusheshisa ngokulungiselela nokukhishwa kwama-tissue aqinile. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelapha izigxobo ngaphandle kokushayela:
- ukuvezwa kwe-laser;
- ukwelapha i-gel;
- icon-ubuchwepheshe.
Ukwelashwa kwe-caries yi-laser
Inqubo entsha yokususa koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo ngokushisa. Ukwelashwa kwe-caries ngaphandle kokugayisa kufanelekile kuphela ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingenasici zalesi sifo. Uma ukubola kufike ku-dentin, ukuvezwa kwe-laser ngeke kuveze umphumela oyifunayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukufeza ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okulungiselelwe. Emva kokulashwa kwelasi, ukugcwaliswa kuyadingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-caries ngejel
Ubuchwepheshe obunikeziwe abukakayiswa kumazinyo omzimba, isidakamizwa sahlolwa kuphela kumagundane. Ngokusobala, le nqubo izovumela ukuthi i-caries ilashwe endaweni noma izigaba zakuqala zokuqhubeka. Okuyinhloko yokwelashwa kungukungeniswa kwesikhumba esonakalisiwe sejel ekhethekile ngamaphephididi. Iguqula izakhi zofuzo zebhaktheriya ezibangela ukubola, futhi zivusa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, okuyi-koqweqwe lwawo okuqukethe. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo ethintekile ikhula ngokwayo.
Icon-ubuchwepheshe - ukwelashwa kwe-caries
Le ndlela yokwelashwa ayiphumeli emafenjini aphakathi nendawo ajulile wesifo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Icon buhlinzeka ngemithi ye-caries zakuqala ngenkathi isendaweni. Ngemuva kokuhlanzwa ngokugcwele kwezinyo ezithintekayo, i-koqweqwe lwawo liboshwe ngejeri lokugaya elibulala ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emibili, isidakamizwa sihlanzwa futhi ubuso bomile. Ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe ukungenelela kwe-Icon kusetshenziselwa futhi i-polymerization yayo yenziwa yi-ultraviolet. Izigxobo ezincane ezithintekayo "zivalwe" futhi u-koqweqwe lwawo lwezinyo lubuyiselwa.
I-Prophylaxis ye-caries
Ukuvimbela izinqubo ze-putrefactive emzimbeni womlomo kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe, njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-4-6.
Ukuvimbela okunamandla kwama-caries wamazinyo:
- ukuhlanza nsuku zonke, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku;
- ukudla okulinganiselayo;
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwe-carbohydrate, amaswidi;
- ukufakwa kwezinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle kwimenyu;
- ukudla okuhlolisisa;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yobisi oluvutshiwe noma izithasiselo nge calcium;
- ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngezifo zomlomo;
- ukuhlanza okwenziwa njalo kwamazinyo (kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12);
- umlomo uhlanza noma usebenzise i-chewing gum ngemuva kokudla;
- ukuvinjelwa ekudleni kwemikhiqizo enokushisa okuphansi noma okuphezulu.