Ukwenziwa komphakathi wobuntu - izigaba nezinhlobo

Kusukela ukuzalwa komuntu okuzungezwe abantu abahlukene, ngakho-ke ungaphikisana ukuthi kuyingxenye yokuxhumana komphakathi. Kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila kwakhe uthola okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile, uzivumelanisa nokuphila emphakathini, ngenxa yalokho ukuxhumana komuntu ngamunye kwenzeka. Inezinhlobo eziningana, ezihlukile komunye nomunye.

Kuyini ukuhlanganiswa komuntu ngamunye?

Leli gama liqondwa njengenqubo yokwenza okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu okuvela emphakathini ayenawo, nokusebenza ngenkuthalo nokwandisa inani lezenhlalo zomphakathi. Kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila, abantu ababona kuphela ukuhlangenwe nakho kwezenhlalakahle, kodwa futhi bazilungiselele emacatsheni abo kanye namagugu abo. Ukuzibandakanya komuntu ngamunye kuyinto enolwazi olunezinto eziningi, isibonelo, izinkambiso nemigomo yemvelo yomphakathi, futhi isiko lomsebenzi wezinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi ungena lapha.

I-socialalization yobuntu - kwengqondo

Umuntu unesidingo sokuba ngumphakathi, okungukuthi, ukuzikhomba yena nabantu abakuzungezile. Ukuzibandakanya kobuntu ekucwaningeni kwengqondo kubangelwa ukugcwalisa izidingo zomphakathi, okwenza kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umzila wokuziphatha kwabo ezimweni ezahlukene, futhi kuzoxhomeka kumqondo kanye nomlingiswa womuntu. Ukwakhiwa kohlobo lwezenhlalakahle nezengqondo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nomthelela we-micro- and macroenvironment, kanye namasiko namazinga ahlukene.

Ukuhlelwa komuntu ubuntu kuyinkqubo emibili, eveza ukuthi umuntu akahambisani kuphela nezimo ezithile kanye nemigomo, kodwa futhi udala amanani akhe. Abantu bavame ukuba yingxenye yeqembu ukuze baqonde ukuthi yikuphi "thina" futhi siqede isizungu. Ukusebenzisana nabanye kunikeza ukuzithemba nokwenza amandla okuthonya impilo yomphakathi.

Yini eyenza ukuba kube nomphakathi womuntu?

Umuntu uthonywa yizinto eziningi ezakha amanani, imibono kanye nesimo sengqondo emhlabeni.

1. Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi iqala kusukela ebuntwaneni, lapho abazali befaka amakhono omzimba nangokwengqondo.
2. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka kusukela enkulisa kuya eyunivesithi. Ngenxa yalokho, ulwazi oluhlukene luqoqwe, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba, umphakathi kanye nokunye uyaziwa.
3. Ukuzithiba ekuziphatheni komuntu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba umuntu kufanele abe nezimfanelo zokuphendula ngendlela efanele ezimweni ezahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuvikelwa kwengqondo komuntu, okufaka ekuqondeni kangcono umehluko phakathi kwezwe langaphakathi naphandle.

Izinhlobo zokuzihlanganisa nobuntu

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuzijabulisa komphakathi, okuxhomeke ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Izindlela zokuzihlanganisa nobuntu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

1. Okuyisisekelo - okusho ukuqonda komphakathi ebuntwaneni. Ingane ihlangana, iqondiswa yisimo samasiko emndenini akhuliswa kuyo, kanye nombono wezwe ngabantu abadala abazungezile. Ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi abazali baqala ukuhlangenwe nakho kwengane yabo kuqala.
2. Sekondari - awunayo igama futhi ugcine kuze kube yilapho umuntu engena eqenjini elithile lomphakathi. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ingane iqala ukufakwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, isibonelo, enkulisa noma ezenzweni zezemidlalo, lapho efunda khona izindima ezintsha futhi ngesisekelo salokhu ufunda ukuzibona ovela kolunye uhlangothi. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngokuvamile ukuhlangana nomuntu kanye nobuntu kubhekene nokungahambisani okunye, isibonelo, izindinganiso zomndeni azihambisani nezithakazelo zeqembu elikhethiwe, bese umuntu eqaqa ukuzitholela futhi enze izinqumo ngesisekelo sobuzwa nokuzwa.

Polorolevaya ukuhlanganiswa komuntu ngamunye

Lezi zinhlobo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlalisana ngokobulili, futhi kusho ukuthi umuntu uyazi kahle umehluko ohlukile phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane. Kukhona ukwamukelwa kwezinto ezikhona zokuziphatha, izinkambiso kanye namanani abo bobulili, kanye nomthelela womphakathi kanye nemvelo yomphakathi ngenjongo yokugxilisa imithetho nemigomo eminingi. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuyo yonke impilo. Umqondo wokubambisana komuntu ngesimo sobulili uhlukanisa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuqaliswa kwayo:

1. Ukuziphatha okumamukelekayo komphakathi kuzokukhuthazwa, futhi ukwehluka emithethweni kuzolandelwa isijeziso.
2. Umuntu ukhetha amamodeli afanelekayo okuziphatha ngokocansi kuye ngamaqembu aseduze, okungukuthi, emndenini, phakathi kontanga, njalonjalo.

Ukuhlangana komndeni komuntu ngamunye

Ingane ifunda ukuqonda izwe hhayi nje ngethonya eliqondile labantu abadala, okungukuthi, ukukhulisa, kodwa futhi ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwabantu abaseduze. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlalisana komuntu ngamunye emndenini kukhubeka ekuhlukeni kwezinto zokuziphatha kwabazali kanye nezidingo abazibeka ezinganeni. Isibonelo, ukuvinjelwa kokubhema kungacaciswa, kodwa omunye wabazali noma amanye amalungu omndeni unomkhuba omubi kangaka. Izici eziyinhloko zokuzihlanganisa nobuntu yizi:

1. Ukwakhiwa kanye nesakhiwo somndeni, okungukuthi, izihlobo zithintana kanjani.
2. Isikhundla somntwana emndenini, isibonelo, angaba umzukulu ku-ugogo wakhe, umfowabo nodadewabo, indodana kuyise kanye nomama wakhe womama. Kubonakala ukuthi ukukhulumisana kwengane okukhuliswe emndenini ophelele futhi umama ongashadile uhlukile.
3. Isitayela esikhethiwe semfundo, ngakho abazali kanye nogogo nomkhulu bangakwazi ukufaka amanani ahlukene emntwaneni.
4. Izindlela zokuziphatha zomndeni zokuziphatha nezokubaluleka kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube nomphakathi womuntu ngamunye.

Ukuzijabulisa komsebenzi nokusebenza

Uma umuntu eqala ukusebenza, kukhona ushintsho noma ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kwakhe nokuziphatha ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Izici zokuzibandakanya komuntu ngamunye emkhakheni wezabasebenzi zivezwe ukuthi ukujwayela ukujwayela kwenziwa kokubili ngaphakathi kokuhlanganiswa nokuqashwa kwamakhono. Ukwandisa isimo somuntu siqu, ukutholakala nokukhula kwamakhono omsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuhlalisana kwamasiko ezinkampani

Wonke umuntu kufanele ahloniphe izindima zomphakathi ezithinta isiko semvelo lapho ahlala khona, afunde, asebenze, axoxe, njalonjalo. Okuyinhloko yokuzihlanganisa komuntu ngamunye kuncike ekutheni isifunda ngasinye sinemisebenzi yaso ehlukile, ngenxa yokuthi umphakathi wakhiwa. Uma sigxila ekuhlalisweni kweqembu elincane, khona-ke ubuzwe, ubudlelwane benkolo, iminyaka yobudala, umsebenzi kanye nezinye izinto kuzocatshangelwa.

Imisebenzi yokuzibandakanya komuntu

Kumuntu nomphakathi wonke, ukuxhumana nomphakathi kubalulekile futhi imisebenzi yakhe esemqoka ihlanganisa:

1. Ukulawula nokulawula. Konke okuzungezile umuntu kuyamthinta ngendlela enkulu noma encane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa: umndeni, inqubomgomo yezwe, inkolo, imfundo, ezokwezimali njalonjalo.
2. Ubuntu-ukuguqula. Inqubo yokuhlelisana kwabantu kubonakala ngesikhathi umuntu ekhuluma nabanye abantu, ebonisa izici zabo futhi ehlukanisa "emhlambini".
3. I-value-orientation. Lo msebenzi unesixhumanisi sokuqala ohlwini oluthulisiwe, ngoba umuntu unamathela ezindinganisweni ezihambisana nemvelo yakhe eseduze.
4. Ulwazi nokuxhumana. Ngenkathi ekhuluma nabantu abahlukene, umuntu uthola ulwazi, okuyinto ngandlela-thile noma enye echaphazela ukubunjwa kwendlela yakhe yokuphila.
5. I-Creative. Ngemfundo efanele yezenhlalakahle, umuntu uzama ukudala nokuthuthukisa izwe elizungezile. Ebhekene nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, uzothola izixazululo ezisuselwe kolwazi lwakhe nolwazi lwakhe.

Izinyathelo zokuzijabulisa komuntu

Inqubo yokwakha ubuntu emphakathini yenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Ubuntwana. Kubonakala ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ubuntu bubunwe ngu-70%. Ososayensi banquma ukuthi kuze kube seminyaka eyisikhombisa ingane iyaziqonda ukuthi "Mina" kangcono kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kweminyaka.
2. Intsha. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko zomzimba zenzeka kakhulu. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-13 iningi lezingane ziye zazama ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Ukuphila kwasekuqaleni. Echaza isigaba sokuzibandakanya komuntu ngamunye, kufanele kubone ukuthi lesi sigaba sinamandla kakhulu futhi siyingozi, futhi siqala eneminyaka engu-16. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lo muntu wenza izinqumo ezibalulekile, lapho uqondisa ukuqhubeka khona, umphakathi ozoba njalo njalonjalo.
4. Ukuphila kwabantu abadala. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-18, abantu abaningi banezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza eziqondisa umsebenzi nokuphila komuntu siqu. Umuntu uziqaphela ngokwenza umsebenzi kanye nesipiliyoni socansi, nangenxa yobuhlobo nezinye izigaba.