I-Ischemia yobuchopho yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esiyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingeyona nje ingozi yokusebenza komuntu ogulayo, kodwa nokuphila kwayo. Njengoba izibalo zibonisa, eminyakeni yamuva inani lezifo zokuhlola eziqhubekayo liqhubeka landa, futhi lesi sifo asithandi abantu asebekhulile, noma abantu asebekhulile, noma abantu abasha.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - kuyini?
I-Ischemia yobuchopho, noma isifo se-ischemic, isimo esingumzimba lapho amangqamuzana obuchopho engayitholi khona oksijini ngokwanele ngenxa yobumpofu obukhulu bemithwalo yegazi edla le nhlangano ebalulekile. Ubuchopho yingumthengi omkhulu omoya emzimbeni futhi uzwela kakhulu ku-hypoxia, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni ngesikhathi sokushesha, kukhona ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yayo ehlukahlukene, okungaba yinto engenakuguqulwa.
Ngaphezu kokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni, ngobuchopho ischemia ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi ezihlinzekwa ngegazi (amavithamini, i-glucose, njalonjalo), kukhona ushintsho lwezinqubo zamathambo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho obuchopho buqala, futhi, kuye ngokuthi indawo nobukhulu bezilonda, imiphumela yalokhu ingahluka kanjani.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - izimbangela
I-cerebral ischemia ivela ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlukahlukene eziholela ekubuneni ekunikezeni igazi ebuchosheni. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana:
Izinguquko zomzimba ezitsheni ezondla ubuchopho, ezihlotshaniswa nesimo sabo kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza. Kuleli qembu, isici esivame kakhulu ukutholakala kwe- atherosclerosis , okutholakala kuningi lweziguli ezitholakale zine "cerebral ischemia." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-plaque e-cholesterol akhiwe ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-arterium cerebral, ekhula kancane kancane ngobukhulu, eqinisa futhi ehlume phakathi kokujula komkhumbi. Ukuba khona kwama-cholesterol amakhopho kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-lumen ye-vascular, kuze kube yilapho kuphelile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu lihlanganisa:
- izinguquko ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ezihambisana nokucindezeleka komzimba, lapho kunesisindo samathishu axhumene nabo;
- i-thrombi eyayingase ibekwe kwenye indawo, ingene emifuleni ye-cerebral ngegazi lokugeleza futhi ibangele ukuvinjelwa;
- izifo ezinezinhlangothi eziphilayo - ukubunjwa okungajwayelekile ezindongeni zamasongo;
- i-vasospasm ende (ngokumelene nesimo sokucindezeleka okukhulu, i-osteochondrosis yomgogodla wesibeletho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, njll);
- ukungavamile kokuzalwa komzimba wezindonga zegazi;
- ukucindezelwa komthambo ovela ngaphandle (isib. ukubunjwa kwe-tumor).
2. Izinguquko ezakhiweni zegazi - ukwandisa i-viscosity ne-coagulability yayo, okwenza kube nzima ukugeleza kwegazi, ukwakheka kwezindwangu. Isizathu singase sibe ushintsho ekubunjweni kwe-electrolyte kwegazi, ngenxa yokuthi lilahlekelwa ikhono lokuthwala oksijini kanye namaphrotheni.
3. Shintsha u-hemodynamics jikelele noma u-cerebral , ubhekwe ne-anemia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ubuthi obubi.
4. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-metabolism ye-neurons , ehambisana nobudala noma izici ezithile.
I-ischemia enhle yobuchopho
Uma kukhona i-cerebral ischemia ephawulekayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhluleka kokugeleza kwegazi okweqile nge-lesion egxile yelungu. Ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukugubha umkhumbi nge-thrombus noma i-cholesterol plaque ehlanganiswe nodonga lwamasongo. I-Ischemia yobuchopho kulesi simo iqala ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic esingaphansi komonakalo omkhulu wezincubu zobuchopho noma isifo sochungechunge ngokubunjwa kwesayithi le -infarction ye-cerebral .
I-cerebral ischemia engapheliyo
I-cerebral ischemia engapheli ikhula kancane kancane ngokulingana nokuqeda isikhathi eside kwegazi. Izimbangela eziyinhloko i-atherosclerosis kanye nokucindezeleka komzimba, okuyiziguli ezimbalwa ezihlanganisiwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu yizinkinga ezingamabhomu, izifo ze-cardiovascular and compression. Izimo ezingozini zalolu hlobo lokugula zihlanganisa ukuguga, ukulungiswa kwezifa, imikhuba emibi, ukudla okungenangqondo.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - izimpawu
Uma kunesifo esibucayi se-ischemic, izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-circulatory kunzima ukuzibheka. Ukubonakaliswa kuncike ekutheni kwenzeke kanjani lesi sifo futhi kungahluka. Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa okwesikhashana kanye nokushaywa ischemic kukhona okufanayo, kodwa okokuqala kungokwesikhashana, ukuguqulwa futhi ngosizo olufika ngesikhathi ngokushesha ukugcizelela, futhi esimweni sesibili ezinye zazo zingenakuguqulwa. Masikhale uhlu lwezici zamafomu acute:
- isiyezi;
- ubuhlungu obunzima ekhanda;
- inkulumo ehlelekile;
- ukulahlekelwa okuphelele noma okuncane kwombono;
- ukuvuthwa okungenasidingo, ukuhlukunyezwa;
- ukuphelelwa amandla ;
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela kwezinye izindawo zomzimba;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwezingxenye zomzimba;
- ukwehla emthamo wokunyakaza emilenzeni ngakolunye uhlangothi;
- ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo;
- ukuwohloka kwamakhono amakhono emoto;
- ukudideka kokwazi;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- i-convulsive syndrome.
Ngefomu elingavamile, amazinga amathathu e-cerebral ischemia ahlukaniswa:
- owokuqala yisiteji sokubonakaliswa kokuqala;
- insizakalo yesibili;
- okwesithathu ukukhokha.
Ishaemia ye-cerebral ye-1 degree
Esikhathini sokuqala, i-ischemia ye-cerebral vascular cancellation can occur in the patient and associates, noma izimpawu zinganakiwe ngenxa ye-malovyrazhennosti. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko yi:
- ukhathala okwandayo;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- umuzwa wokudabuka ekhanda;
- umsindo ezindlebeni;
- ukushintsha kwemizwa njalo;
- ukucasula;
- isimo sokucindezeleka;
- ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo;
- ukuthukuthela;
- ukukhohlwa, ukungabikho kwengqondo.
I-cerebral ischemia yezinga lesi-2
Lapho i-cerebral ischemia iqala i-degrees 2, izimpawu eziyinhloko ziba zimbi kakhulu, ziba sobala nakakhulu. Izimpawu ezicacile kakhulu zilandelayo:
- ikhanda njalo , isiyezi;
- ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwenkumbulo;
- ukuzihlukanisa, ukunganakwa;
- umxhumanisi kanye nezifo ze-oculomotor;
- ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokusebenza;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ishaemia ye-cerebral ye-3rd degree
Ngesifo sesithathu se-pathology, iningi lomonakalo wengqondo kanye nemisebenzi elahlekile ephumelekile ayinakuphika. Izimpawu zesifo se-ischemic zihlanganisa:
- i-syncope evamile;
- ukugwinya ukugwinya;
- ukungabikho komchamo;
- ukuziphatha okunganele nokungalawulwa;
- ukungakwazi ukuhambisa;
- ukulahlekelwa kwenkumbulo;
- ukucasuka kwemisebenzi yengqondo kuze kufike ekudemeni kwengqondo.
Isifo Ischemic - ukuxilongwa
Uma udokotela esolwa ukuthi isiguli siqala ischemic sifo sobuchopho, izifundo eziningi ziqokelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukunquma izinga lokuqhubekela phambili, ukukhomba izimbangela ezikhona. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuhlola isimo sezinyathelo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo, kunquma isimo sezinzwa (ukucaca kokuqonda, inkulumo, inkumbulo, ukuzwela, ukusebenzisana kwezinyathelo, ukuphendula ngokubambisana nokukhanya, njalo njalo). Ucwaningo lwamahhala nolwazi lwesayensi:
- ikhomphyutha noma i-magnontic imagination of the brain;
- i-ultrasound dopplerography yemithambo emikhulu yegazi;
- ukuskena okuphindwe kabili kwezitsha;
- i-angiography yemikhumbi ye-cerebral;
- ubuchopho electroencephalography;
- i-echocardiography yenhliziyo;
- i-electrocardiogram;
- i-ophthalmoscopy ye-fundus;
- X-ray yomgogodla wesibeletho;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuqukethwe kwezingxenye ze-lipid, i-glucose ne-cholesterol.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - ukwelashwa
Iziguli ezisolakala ukuthi ziyi-cerebral ischemia ephuthumayo kufanele zithole ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okudinga ukuhlala esibhedlela esiphuthumayo. Okokuqala, izinyathelo zithathwa ukuze kubuyiselwe ukujikeleza kwegazi, okutholakala ngezindlela zokuzivikela noma zokuhlinzwa. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kwenziwa emacaleni amakhulu kakhulu ngenhloso yokususa i-thrombus noma i-atherosclerotic plaque kusuka emthini we-cerebral ovinjiwe, ekhulisa isibani somkhumbi.
Lapho i-cerebral ischemia itholakale, indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni inikezwa ukuhambisana nokudla. Iziguli zidinga ukunciphisa ukudla kwamafutha esilwane, ukulondoloza, izinongo, ama-muffins, ushukela nosawoti. Ukudla okunomsoco ocebile nge-potassium (ama-apricot omisiwe, omisiwe, amazambane abhakabhaka), i-iodine (izinhlanzi zasolwandle), imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu, imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu. Umthamo wezinxenye ezilodwa kufanele unciphise, ukwandise inani lokudla libe ngu-5-6. Ukwelapha kuvame ukuxhaswa ngumsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, ukusikhipha umzimba, izinqubo ze-physiotherapy.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - izidakamizwa
Indlela yokwelapha i-cerebral ischemia, udokotela unquma, ngokusekelwe kwedatha yokuxilonga. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanti izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa noma zifakwe ngomlomo. Sichaza amaqembu amakhulu ama-agent aphethwe ukuphatha lesi sifo:
- ama-antiplatelet agents, ama- anticoagulants - ukuvimbela i-blood clots nokubunjwa kwe-thrombi (i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-Aspirin cardio, i-Cardiomagnum, i-Dipiridamol, i-Clopidogrel, i-Fraksiparin);
- imithi ye-hypotensive - ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi (Lizinopril, Enap, Ramipril, i-Amlodipine);
- ama-neuroprotectors - avikela ama-neuron ezintweni ezimbi (Actovegin, Citicoline, magnesium sulfate);
- imithi ye-anticholesterol - ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin);
- i-thrombolytics - ngokubhujiswa kwe-thrombi (i-Activaz, i-Retaplase, i-Aktilis);
- ama-nootropics - ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchopho (i-Piracetam, i-Cerebrolysin, i-Nootropil);
- ama-antispasmodics kanye nama-vasodilators - ukususwa kwe-spasms ye-vascular, ukukhuliswa kwe-lumen yemithambo yegazi (Papaverin, Euphyllinum, Bilobil, Vinpocetine).
Ukwelashwa kwe-cerebral ischemia ngezokwelapha zomuntu
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe kwe-cerebral ischemia engapheli, kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu, ayikwazi ukushintshwa yiziphi izindlela ezithandwayo, ngakho-ke lokhu kungabulala. Ukusetshenziswa kokunye izindlela zokwelapha kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela, futhi kungenziwa kuphela imvume yakhe. Njengesibonelo, sinikeza iresiphi yeqoqo lemithi elingamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi, yandisa i-lumen yemithanjeni yegazi, ivuselele ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nezinqubo ze-metabolic ezingqamuzaneni zobuchopho.
Imithi yokwelapha
Izithako:
- Oregano - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- inambuzane - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- i-goose goatee - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- izimbali immortelle - itafula elilodwa. isipuni;
- wavuka ezinqulwini - itafula elilodwa. isipuni;
- izithelo ze-hawthorn - ithebula eli-2. izinkezo;
- Itafula likaSt. John's Wort - 3. izinkezo;
- Imfucumfucu - 1 ithisipuni. isipuni;
- ishidi leminti - 1 ithisipuni. isipuni.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa
- Hlanganisa uphinde uhlanganise izithako.
- Thatha itafula eli-2. iqoqo le-spoon, uthele uhhafu ilitha lamanzi abilayo.
- Ukuphikelela phakathi nobusuku, bese ukhula.
- Phuza phakathi nosuku, uhlukanise ukumnika ukudla okuyisithathu.
- Inkambo yokwelapha izinyanga ezingu-2-3.
Imiphumela ye-cerebral ischemia
Ischemic isifo sobuchopho singabangela imiphumela emibi, phakathi kwayo:
- ukukhubazeka kwesikhungo sokuphefumula;
- i-edema yobuchopho;
- i-thromboembolism yomshini we-pulmonary;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
- i-dementia;
- i-paresthesia;
- isithuthwane.
I-prophylaxis yezifo ze-coronary
Njengoba kungenzeka ubuncane, izifo zobuchopho zesichungechunge zivela kubantu abangenayo imikhuba emibi, bahlanganyele emidlalweni, balandele imikhuba yokudla okunomsoco futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezihle kakhulu. Ngalokhu engqondweni, ekuvimbeleni ukukhubazeka, sekukhona namuhla:
- Isikhathi esiningi sokuchitha emoyeni omusha.
- Ukunciphisa utshwala nokubhema.
- Kulungile, ukudla okulinganiselayo.
- Ukuhola indlela esebenzayo yokuphila.
- Gwema izimo ezicindezelayo.
- Ngesikhathi esifanele, phatha izifo ezikhulayo.