Ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni nxazonke kanye nezibungu eziphambili kuyimbangela yezifo ze-helminthic, kuhlanganise ne-trichinosis - izimpawu zomuntu azibonakalwanga ngokucacile. Umthwali wesifo sokutheleleka angase angazi ukuthi ihlaselwa yizibungu. Uma isikhathi eside i-parasite ihlala ingabonakali, lesi sifo siqhubeka siba nzima nakakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kulandela umphumela obulalayo.
Ukwelashwa komuntu one-trichinosis
I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo yi-nematode encane yegciwane, egcwele, encane, cishe i-filiform, efinyelela ubude buka-0.5-4 mm. I-Trichinella itholakala ezilwaneni ezifuywayo (amakati, izinja, izingulube), zasendle (izimbongolo, izimpungushe, izimpisi), amajuba, izilwane zasolwandle. Ukudliwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-carrion kubangela ukuthi izidumbu ziphume emzimbeni emzimbeni. Phunya ngomlomo, ngokusebenzisa isisindo. I-larva ikhishwa ku-capsule, isungulwa ku-mucosa (amathumbu, isisu), ikhula ezinxenyeni ezixhunyiwe, futhi kakade ngosuku lwesithathu kuya kwezingu-4 ithela inzalo entsha.
Umthombo wokutheleleka komuntu nge-trichinosis kungaba inyama engaphekiwe, equkethe izimpungushe zesibungu:
- Ingulube (kubandakanya isinqumelo nesibhukela sasendle);
- uphawu;
- inyama ye-nutria nezinye izilwane;
- i-doggie.
I-Trichinosis - izimpawu
Uma i-trichinella i-parasite ihlala emzimbeni, izimpawu zomuntu azibonakali ngokushesha. Zizizwa njengokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwesibungu kanye nokunyakaza kwayo emzimbeni. Abantu abadala bashade emathunjini amancane, bekhiqiza izingxenye ezintsha zezibungu. Ngemuva kwesonto nengxenye ngemva kokutheleleka, i-helminths iqala ukwenza indlela yayo egazini legazi. Ukusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, baba yizimbangela ze-pathologies ehlukahlukene. Ubukhulu nobukhulu bezimpawu kuxhomeke ukuthi zingaki ama-parasites angena emzimbeni nokuthi amandla omzimba aqinile kangakanani.
I-Trichinella - umjikelezo wokuphila
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-trichinella udlula ngokuphelele ngaphakathi komzimba owodwa ngaphandle kokuphuma ngaphandle. Umuntu ngesikhathi esifanayo uyinkosi ephakathi nendawo yokugcina. Njengomthetho, sekupheleni kokudla kokudla, kuyilapho ezinye inyama ze-mammalian zisetshenziselwa ukudla. Izimpawu zesifo zixhomeke esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwe-trichinella, izimpawu zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi:
- Isigaba sokungena (ukuhlasela). Izimpawu zivezwe kulesi sifo. I-diarrhea iyashintsha ngokuqothulwa, ukufisa ukudla, ukunciphisa izinhlungu, isisu esiswini. Imfiva ekhona kanye nokukhwabanisa isikhumba.
- Isiteji sokufuduka. Iziqhumane zihamba ngezicubu nezitsha. Kubonakala i-edema eduze kwamajwabu amehlo, ukuzwela ukukhanya, imisipha yamehlo igcwele. Iphupho liphukile, lo muntu uzwa ukuphazamiseka. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wesimiso sokuphefumula kukhona ukukhwehlela. Ukushisa komzimba kuphakama.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, izibungu zihlala emisipha, zakha i-capsule ezungezile. Izimpawu zisiwe, futhi isimo sangaphambili sifana nokuvuvukala eduze kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngalesi sikhathi kuzobonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-eosinophil kuyanda.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile - i-eyelidi i-edema ne-chymosis, i-fever, i-myalgia-ingumphumela wokwehluleka kwamagciwane e-helminth antigens. Awukwazi ukutholakala ezinsukwini zokuqala noma ngisho namasonto okutheleleka, kepha angaphila iminyaka eminingi, ehlala emzimbeni womuntu. Ngemuva kokufaka izimpungushe futhi zisuse ezithombeni, kunzima ukugcina izibungu. Ngokuyinhloko, isiguli sizwa ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala.
I-Trichinella - izitho ezithintekile
Izibungu ze-Trichinella kubantu zingathinta zonke izitho nezinhlelo. I-Larvae efakwe emzimbeni wesibindi awuhlali endaweni eyodwa, kodwa hambisa. Bashaya isayithi ngemuva kwesayithi, bese benza i-foci yokuvuvukala. Isithombe sesitholampilo sesi sifo sibonakala kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isici esihlasele i-trichinosis, izimpawu ezivela kubantu zizobonisa lokhu. Kungase kube nokuphefumula uma izibungu zingena emaphashini, ubuhlungu esiswini - uma emathunjini. Futhi kusuka ezinambuzane ezihlupheka:
- inhliziyo (uhlaka lwesisindo sodonga lwayo);
- i-intercostal, ukuhlafuna, i-deltoid, imisipha yomzimba;
- isibindi;
- uhlelo lwesimiso esiphakathi;
- ubuchopho.
I-Trichinosis - izinkinga
Ifomu elibi lesi sifo lingabangela izinkinga, kuze kube nomphumela obulalayo (10-35%), lapho ukusabela kwe-immunopathological kukhula, i-pneumonia, i- myocarditis , i-meningoencephalitis iqala. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphawula kwemvelo kulungile, nakuba i-trichinosis kubantu inika imiphumela emibi, isithinta izinyathelo zomoya, izinhliziyo zempilo nezesabekayo. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezingenzeka, izifo ezinjengo:
- i-hepatitis;
- i-thrombophlebitis;
- OCH;
- i-glomerulonephritis ;
- i-vasculitis (isistimu).
I-Trichinosis - Ukuxilongwa
Isithombe esivela emtholampilo, ukufana nezinye izifo (ubuthi, i-nephritis, i-laryngitis, njll) ziphoqa ukuxilongwa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-trichinosis, izimpawu zomuntu kufanele zizibonakalise. Izimpawu ezisemqoka ziwumkhuhlane, ubuhlungu be-muscle, ukuvuvukala, okugcina kusuka emavikini amane kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Ukusola kobukhona emzimbeni we-biochelmintic spiralella Kuvunguza ngumlando oqoqwe ngokucophelela. Isibonelo, uma isiguli sigceme ukuthi usanda kudla inyama yesilwane yasendle. Ezinye izindlela zokucwaninga:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele ;
- ukuvivinya umzimba;
- ukusabela kwemvula;
- Ukuhlolwa kwemisipha encane.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Trichinosis
I-Trichinella egazini ingatholakala ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kanye ne-laboratory. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqala, nakuba kungekho ukuhlaziywa okhethekile ukukhomba izidumbu emathunjini. Kakade ngosuku lwesithathu lesi sifo, kukhona ukwanda okuqhubekayo egazini lama-eosinophils - hypereosinophilia. Ngokuhambisana nomkhuhlane, kujwayelekile ngesifo. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu, ukuhlaziywa kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-Trichinella antigen. Uma i-parasite ibonakala, kubalulekile ukuxwayisa isifo se-epidemiologist. Kunconywa ukuqhuba isifundo somzimba we-trichinosis (esasetshenziselwa ukudla).
Ukwelashwa kwe-trichinosis kubantu
Uma ukuxilongwa kwe-trichinosis kuqinisekiswa, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Ukuhoxisa izibungu ezindala kusukela ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla akulula - lokhu kusetshenziswa imithi ejwayelekile ye-antihelminthic. Kodwa izibungu kuma-capsules kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinto zokwelapha. Lapho i-trichinella ingena emzimbeni, ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa izidakamizwa zokukhululeka kwesifo:
- anti-inflammatory;
- i-antipyretic;
- ukuvikelwa kwesibindi nezinye izitho.
Njengoba kunomonakalo omkhulu emisipha, iziguli zingenakulinganiswa, futhi ukuze zibuyiselwe esimweni sazo esivamile, zenza izifundo zokusiza kanye nezifundo ze-physiotherapy.
Ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo kuhilela ukuthatha:
- i-analgesics yokukhipha ubuhlungu besisu;
- ama-sorbents , ukulwa nokudakwa;
- ama-antihistamine;
- i-laxative esikhathini sokuqala;
- Amalungiselelo anthelmintic for amazinyo emathunjini emathunjini ( Nemozol , Mintezol);
- amavithamini.
I-prophylaxis ye-trichinosis
Ukuvimbela isifo se-trichinosis, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukudla kwakhe nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ungavumeli izingulube, izinja namakati ukuba badle inyama kusuka kumagundane anegciwane. Ukungahlosiwe ukudla kunconywa ukuba kungabandakanywa ekudleni ngokuphelele, nenyama, ukufika etafuleni, kuncike ekwelapheni okushisa okuphelele. Izimpungushe ze-parasite zifa ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-70 degrees futhi ziqhwa (ngezansi -17 degrees ezinokuhlala isikhathi eside emakhazeni - amasonto amathathu).
Indlela yokuhlola inyama ye-trichinosis
Ngaphandle, isiqephu sesidumbu esiqukethe ama-parasites asifani nokujwayelekile, sicabangela ukuthi ukuhlunga kwezimpungushe kungama-200 ngehora elingu-1 g. Isivivinyo sokuveza i-trichinosis senziwa ebhokisatri besebenzisa i-microscope. Inyama eye yacutshungulwa imakwe ngenhlamba. Ukuvimbela njalo kuyenziwa ngezinga elikhulu: Rospotrebnadzor ilinda isimo semikhiqizo ezindaweni zokuthengisa okusebenzayo (izimakethe, izitolo). Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulandelela izinga lezinkomo noma ezihlukanisiwe.
I-Trichinosis - inyama yokucwiliswa
Awukwazi ukususa izibungu ezithola izicubu nemisipha. Ukutholwa kwe-trichinosis enyameni kubangela ukuthi isidumbu sishiswe ngokuphelele - akuyona into engokwemvelo yokubeka engozini impilo yabantu. Ezimbonini, umkhiqizo ongcolile awukwazi ukucutshungulwa kabusha futhi ungangeni esitsheni. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela - uma kungekho ukuthembela ekungcolweni kwenyama - kufanele kuphekwe noma kuthosiwe isikhathi eside, sibe yizicucu ezincane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-trichinosis eyingozi kangakanani, izimpawu zomuntu ngokushesha noma kamuva zizokhomba ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Awukwazi ukungazinaki izibonakaliso zempilo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela inyama esetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma inesilwane esifikile esithengwayo noma ithengwe emakethe eyakhayo (okungukuthi, ayikho inhlamba eqinisekisa ukungabi khona kwama-parasites).