Ukuxilongwa "kwe-hepatitis ye-viral" akuyona into ekhona ezweni lakithi nasemhlabeni jikelele, futhi kungenakulindelekile ngesiguli esingalindelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kukwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni, kubhubhisa isibindi, ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba esibandayo
I-hepatitis engavamile ayiyona isifo esisodwa, kodwa iqembu lonke lezinambuzane, ama-causative agents ahlukahlukene izinhlobo zegciwane, ezihlukile ezimfanelweni zamangqamuzana neziphilayo. Zithunyelwa ngezindlela ezehlukene, abanalo izinga elifanayo lokuhlukunyezwa. Okuvamile kulezi zinambuzane ukuthi konke kubangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zesibindi, kuphazamise ukusebenza kwayo.
Njengamanje, cishe izinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane ziyaziwa, uma zitheleleke yi-hepatitis. Akubona bonke abaye bafundiswa ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusekhona amagciwane we-hepatitis engaziwa. I-hepatitis egazini ayihlukaniswa nje ngohlobo lwegciwane, kodwa futhi ngezinye izindlela:
1. Esikoleni sempilo:
- i-cyclic elula (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-90);
- ukuhamba okusheshayo (izinyanga ezingu-6);
- okungapheli (izinyanga eziyisithupha).
2. Ngokweqile kwamanje:
- i-degree degree;
- isilinganiso;
- esindayo.
3. Ifomu lomtholampilo:
- I-Manifist (icteric ejwayelekile, i-icteric atypical, ngaphandle kwe-jaundice);
- i-latent (subclinical, inna-parental).
I-virus yesifo sofuba esingumlutha A
Lesi sifo, esibangwa yi-virus A, i-hepatitis ephawulekayo yegciwane, elibhekene nokusabalala kwesifo kanye nesilinganiso esiphakeme sokungenelela. I-agent causative yokutheleleka nayo yaziwa nangokuthi i-enterovirus-72, kanti lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-Botkin's disease. Ukudluliselwa ngomzila ozokhuluma ngomlomo, umuntu oneminyaka yimuphi ubudala angagula, emva kwalokho ahlakulele ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesifo sifana phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 no-45. Igciwane eliwela emanzini emathunjini emathunjini liqoqa epithelium yalo futhi liya esibindi, lapho liqala ukubhubhisa izakhi zamaselula. Njengomthetho, lesi sifo siba ngesimo esibucayi, futhi uma isithombe sesitholampilo siboniswa, kubonakala:
- umzwelo wesisu esiswini esihlotshaniswa nokwanda kwesibindi;
- isicasuli;
- isifiso sokuhlanza;
- ukumnyama komchamo;
- ukucaciswa kocingo, ubumba balo;
- ukushisa komzimba okuphakeme (kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3);
- ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nobuhlungu besisu;
- umlomo owomile;
- ukuphuziza isikhumba kanye nesibhamu;
- ukuhlunga isikhumba nokunye okunjalo
Isifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-Viral
Izifo zalolu hlobo zingenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo ezinzima, ezingapheli, ezingapheliyo. I-pathogen, ejabulisa lesi sifo, ibonakala ngokusinda ngokweqile ekuqandeni, ukubilisa, i-acid exposure, isikhathi eside ingaba isimo esisebenzayo endaweni yangaphandle. Ezigulini ezixilongwa nge-hepatitis B, ama-agent agciwane angatholakala egazini nakweminye imithombo yamanzi - umquba, umchamo, ukuthuthwa kwamasipha, njll. Ngakho-ke, ungatheleleka nge-contact-house, parenteral, kwezocansi nezinye izindlela.
Isifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral hepatitis yalolu hlobo sibonakala isikhathi sokuxubha esivela ezinsukwini ezingu-45 kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukungena kwamagciwane ngokufaka igazi kungena esibindi, lapho banda khona futhi baqoqa. Emva kokuqoqa inani elithile, izimpawu zokuqala zomtholampilo zingase zivele:
- ubuthakathaka obuningi kanye ne-malaise (ngaphandle kwemfiva);
- ukuzwa njalo kwesisindo esiswini, ukuqina emva kokudla;
- isicasuli;
- ukushintsha kombala we-urine;
- ubuhlungu emajoyini, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hepatitis yegciwane idlula esigabeni se-icteric, lapho yonke imibukiso ikhuphuka khona, futhi ezintsha zivela:
- ukuchithwa kwe-stool;
- ukuphuziza isikhumba kanye nesibhamu;
- ukwehla komchamo we-urine;
- ukugaya ukukhubazeka;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala, njll.
Ifomu eliyingozi liphela ngokuphulukisa futhi lihlale livikelekile (ngokusebenza kwesibindi kuphinde kwaqalwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi izenzakalo ezisele zingase zikhona kulo lonke ukuphila), noma zidlula zibe yindlela engapheli nge-wave-like course kanye nezibalo ezifanayo zokuthuthukiswa kwamanye amalungu.
I-virus yesifo sofuba esine-viral
Lesi sifo siqala ngenqubo enzima, okuyinto evame ukungapheli. Ukutheleleka ikakhulukazi kwenzeka kubantu abagulayo noma abathwali begciwane oxhumana negazi labo, ngokobulili, kusuka kumama kuya kumntwana okhulelwe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-viral hepatitis C engapheli kaningi iqhubekela ngasese futhi ithola ngisho nalapho lesi sifo singenakuphikiswa, kubizwa ngokuthi "umbulali onomusa."
Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingu-60. Ngenkathi yalolu hlobo lwesifo kufana ne-hepatitis B futhi ingabonakala ngokubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
- ukukhathazeka kwe-indigestion;
- isicasuli;
- ukumnyama komchamo;
- ukuphuza isikhumba, njll.
I-virus yesifo sofuba esinegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi ihambisana nezibonakaliso eziningi ze-extrahepatic, zihlanganisa ukukhubazeka okuyisisekelo: izimpande zesikhumba, i-vitiligo, i-anemia, umonakalo wezinso, ugqozi we-thyroid, njll. Ngemuva kwesigaba esiphuthumayo, isiguli singabuyiselwa, noma lesi sifo siya esigabeni esingapheliyo. Iningi, ngokungabikho kokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, liqhubeka nenqubo engapheli engase ingabonakali emashumini eminyaka. Izisindo zesibindi esonakalisiwe kancane kancane zishintsha emafutheni futhi ezinamafutha, ngezinye izikhathi inqubo iba yingozi.
Isifo sofuba esibangelwa yisifo sofuba D
Lesi sifo sibhekwa nangokuthi yi-delta ukutheleleka. I-Hepatitis D ibonakala ngesici esinjengesidingo sokugcina igciwane lesigaba B emaseleni ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka kwe-delta kutholakala kuphela ngokusuka kwesizinda sokukhula kwesifo sofuba B futhi kutholakala ukubonakaliswa okufanayo kwemitholampilo, kuphela ngesimo esivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngegazi.
I-virus yesifo sofuba e-viral E
I-pathogen eyenza i-hepatitis E ifana ne-rotavirus futhi idluliselwa ngomzila we-fecal-oral. Leli gciwane alizinzile emvelweni wangaphandle, ngokushesha libulala ngokupheka futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane, kodwa lingaphikelela isikhathi eside emanzini amasha. Isithombe sesitholampilo sibonakala inkambo elula yeBotkin's disease, ezimweni eziningi ziphela ngokululama. Imiphumela emibi yalesi sivivinyo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuphela ekukhulelweni okungahambi kahle, owesifazane angakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuhluleka kwesibindi ngokushesha.
I-virus yesifo sofuba esine-viral
I-agent ye-causative yalolu hlobo, efana nezakhiwo zayo ku-adenovirus, itholakale muva nje futhi ayizange ifundwe kancane. Idluliselwa ngomzila owu-fecal-ngomlomo noma ngegazi, kusuka kumama kuya kumntwana. I-Hepatitis F inezibonakaliso ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukukhuliswa okulula kokushisa;
- ikhanda;
- ubuhlungu esibindi;
- i-jaundice ;
- isifo se-stool;
- isicasuli;
- izinsini eziphaphayo.
I-hepatitis ye-viral ihanjiswa kanjani?
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudluliselwa kwe-hepatitis egazini yilezi:
- I-Fecal-oral (enteral) - ngamanzi nokudla ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile, izimo ezingekho emzimbeni).
- Ukuxhumana negazi nezinye izifo eziphilayo zomuntu onegciwane (ngezibeletho) - ngezinqubo zokwelashwa nokuxilongwa, ngokusebenzisa imishini yokujola, amazinyo, izinsimbi zokugcoba, ukubhoboza, ukudweba imibala, njll);
- Oxhumana nabo ocansi.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ezayo.
Ukufaka izinhlobo zokugula kuthwala i-subspecies A no-E. I-hepatitis ye-viral hepatitis eyingozi kakhulu, i-B, i-C, i-F, ibeka isongo ekuphileni. Imithombo eyinhloko yokutheleleka yilabo bantu abanezifo ezingenasifo futhi ezichazwe ngokomzimba zesifo. Ukuthelela i-droplet encane encane ye-biological fluid engahlambulukile, engaboni emehlweni.
I-Viral Hepatitis - Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa okwenziwe nge-hepatitis ye-viral, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo, kuhilela ukutholakala kohlobo lwe-pathogen, uhlobo lwesifo, izinga lokukhubazeka kwemisebenzi yomzimba kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga. Ngenxa yalokhu, amasu e-laboratory ne-instrumental asetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, i- ultrasound inikezwe ukusetha izinguquko zokuziphatha ematheni ase-hepatic. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele senqubo yokuvuvukala, kudingeke ukuba kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwakhe okuyisampula kwezicubu ezithintekile.
Ihlaziya i-hepatitis ye-viral
Indlela ebalulekile yokuxilonga ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubamaki be-hepatitis yegciwane. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola amagciwane:
- Immunological - incazelo yama-antibodies akhiqizwa emzimbeni ekuphenduleni ukungena kwamagciwane, noma izinhlayiya zegciwane ngokwayo.
- I-genetic iyindlela yokuphendula nge-polymerase chain lapho amagciwane abonakala nge-DNA noma i-RNA yabo egazini.
Izimpawu ze-hepatitis ye-viral zivezwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatic:
- ukuzimisela kwezinga lama-enzyme e-hepatic;
- ukuzimisela izingxenyana ze-bilirubin.
Isifo sofuba esibangwa yi-viral - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo "isifo sofuba esibandayo se-virus" asibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqaleni, ukutholakala okugcwele akuqinisekisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezimweni eziningi, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-pathology iqhubeka njalo ngezimpawu eziphumile ezingenzeka kwezinye izifo eziningi:
- ukuxhuma;
- ikhanda;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- isicasuli;
- ukuphazamiseka kokugaya, njll.
Okuyingozi nakakhulu ukukhanya okubizwa nge-lightning yamanje, lapho kubulawa khona izicubu zesibindi. Njengomthetho, ifomu elinjalo lihambisana ne-hepatitis A. Kulesi simo, izimpawu zibizwa ngokucacile futhi ukwephulwa kwesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi kuqala, okuhambisana nokuqoqwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, iziguli zingase zibe nokudideka, ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, ukuxubana, njll. Lokhu kudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa kwe-virus ye-virus ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis C, A, B kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis kufana kakhulu futhi kufaka phakathi:
- ukubambelela emibhedeni noma embhedeni wombhedeni, ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi womzimba;
- ukuhambisana nokudla;
- ukuthatha imithi (izidakamizwa ezithile zokuvimbela imithi, ama-detoxification agents, ama-interferons, ama-enterosorbents, amalungiselelo enzyme, i-hepatoprotectors, i-antispasmodics, njll);
- ngezinye izikhathi - ukwelashwa okuhlinzeka (ukufakelwa komzimba).
Iziguli ziboniswa ukudla okuvamile kancane ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwejusi lomathumbu futhi isebenze umsebenzi wesibindi. Kudingeka ukuphuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kasawoti. Imikhiqizo ongayisebenzisa:
- inyama enamafutha aphansi, inhlanzi;
- Imikhiqizo yobisi ephansi kakhulu;
- iqanda elimhlophe;
- imifino ebilisiwe;
- iphalenda;
- amakhukhi e-biscuit, isinkwa salolo suku.
Kuvinjelwe:
- inyama enamafutha, imikhiqizo yokubhema, ukudla okusemathinini;
- ama-marinades, ama-pickle;
- ukupheka okusha;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- anyanisi eluhlaza, ugarlic, isithombo, isithombo, iklabishi;
- ushokoledi.
Eminyakeni yamuva, izidakamizwa ezinezindlela zokuzivikela ezivela eqenjini lama-thiopoetins, ezithinta ama cell hepatic ngokukhethayo, ziyasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral hepatitis. Imithi enjalo ihlanganisa Glutoxim. I-interferon inductors nama-immunomodulator kunconywa kakhulu ngezinqubo ezimbi. Le yimithi enjengale:
- I-Cycloferon;
- Immunophane;
- I-Polyoxidonium;
- Amiksin nabanye.
Ukuvimbela i-hepatitis egazini
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-hepatitis ye-viral, ukuvimbela kusekelwe emithethweni eminingi, ukuhambisana nalo okunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka:
- Ukuphuza amanzi abilisiwe, ukuhlanza izithelo nemifino, ukudla okusetshenziselwa ukushisa.
- Gwema ukuthintana nezinye izifo zomzimba zomuntu (usebenzisa izinto zokuhlanzeka kuphela, izilinganiso ezilahlayo, izinsimbi zomzimba zokugcoba, ukubhoboza, njll).
- Ukugwema othintana nabo abasondelene nabo, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikelwa.
- Ukugoma ngokumelene ne-hepatitis A no-B.