Abaningi abantu abazi ukuthi abathandekayo abaningi, amamatamatisi anamanzi futhi akhanyayo, bafika eYurophu ngenxa yeColumbus, okwesikhathi eside babhekwa njengabantu abangenakulinganiswa futhi abanobuthakathaka. Kwaphela isikhathi eside bakhuliswa kuphela ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa futhi amatafula ayitholakalanga kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sekudlule iminyaka eminingi futhi manje akekho omangazwa utamatisi - bayathandwa ngabantu abadala kanye nezingane, bayidla eluhlaza futhi balungiselela ngezindlela eziyinkulungwane nezodwa. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga isakhiwo sezwe ngaphandle kwamatamatisi akhula kuso. Ngezindlela eziyinhloko ze-agro-technology of utamatisi ensimini futhi sizoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Ukothula utamatisi obala: izikhathi eziyisihluthulelo
- Ukuze utamatisi uthole ukukhanya kwelanga, indawo yokutshala kufanele ikhethwe kahle.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, inhlabathi embhede kufanele iphathwe ngokumelene nefungus ne-copper sulfate noma i-chloride yethusi.
- Imigobo yokufika kufanele ifakwe ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi kumele ligcinwe ngokuhleleka kwe-30-50 cm, futhi ama-aisles kufanele ashiywe ngamasentimitha angu-50-70. Kuwo wonke umthombo kubalulekile ukugcwalisa i-humus, i-superphosphate (150-200 g), i-potassium chloride (30 g), i-urea (30 g), i-ash ash 50 g). Okuqukethwe emithonjeni kugcwele amanzi futhi kuhlanganiswe kahle.
- Ngolunye usuku ngemuva kokulungisa izimbobo, sitshala utamatisi emhlabathini. Uma izithombo zotamatisi zikhulile ezimbizeni ze-peat, zifakwa emthonjeni ngebhodlela. Ungesabi ukuthi izindonga zamabhodlela ziyophazamisa ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesimiso sezintambo - emva kwesikhathi isikhumba sizoba semanzi. Usuku lokutshala izithombo kungcono ukhethe ukushisa, noma ukutshala ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho ilanga lingashisi.
- Ukuphuza utamatisi ensimini futhi kunezinkolelo zayo. Izinsuku zokuqala emva kokutshala izithombo akusiwo amanzi, bese uphuzisa uma kudingeka, kodwa okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwesimiso, ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokujulile, kuningi.
- Ekugqokeni okuphezulu kunamatamatisi okudingekayo ezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko: kusukela ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu emva kokutshala kanye nokuvama kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15. Khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane kufanele kumiswe kuze kube yilapho i-ovary ikhiwa. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen fertilizer kunganciphisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwama-ovari.
- Okudingekayo ukuvunwa okuhle ukukhishwa okuvamile kwenhlabathi nokubhujiswa kokhula.
- Ukufeza isivuno esiphelele, kanti ukunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi, kuzosiza ukuguqula umhlabathi . Umhlabathi ngaphansi kwamatamatisi ungagcwala umquba womquba noma i-peat. Ukuhluka okuphelele kwe-mulch kuyi-mulch kusuka etsheni oluqoshiwe.
- I-timely kanye nekhono le-utamatisi enamandla ensimini ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu. Okokuqala,
izihlahla eziboshwe ngeke ziphule phansi kwesisindo sezithelo, futhi okwesibili, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuzinakekela. Njengempahla yokugqoka, ungasebenzisa amashidi amadala, i-pantyhose noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi owenziwe ngesandla owanele ubude, uthathe u-3 cm ububanzi obunzima. Njengesekelo, ama-stakes anokuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwamabili asetshenzisiwe. Izigxobo zingcwatshwa emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angu-25-30 emakhilomitha ama-5-10 ukusuka ehlathini. Umdwebo wendwangu uhlanganisa isiqu sehlathi ukuze ungalimazi, futhi ubophe kuso. Akudingekile ukugcina nokusebenzisa ama-bandages iminyaka eminingana emgqeni - ukuze ukwazi ukuthelela utamatisi nge- phytophthora nezinye izifo.