Imifino kulula ukukhula. Uma ulandela izincomo zendlela yokutshala ubhontshisi, ungathola ngokushesha isivuno semasiko, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekhishini. Kungagcinwa, ama-saladi, isobho, ama-stews alungisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-legumes anesixhumanisi se-nitrogen-fixing bacteria, futhi athuthukisa umsoco wenhlabathi.
Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Into yokuqala yokucabanga ngayo yindawo efanele yokutshala. Izimfuneko zendawo lapho ubhontshisi banda khona:
- Ubhontshisi udinga ipulatifomu yelanga;
- indawo kumele ivinjelwe ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya eduze nezicingo ezifanelekile, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zokukhuphuka;
- izinyosi zezinkuni zitshalwe kahle phakathi kwekhabishi nemibhede;
- inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi noma ayinamandla acidic;
- kungcono ukuthatha indawo engakahlwanyelwe futhi ubeke ubhontshisi lapho, uzogcwala umhlaba nge-nitrogen;
- ukutshala kwenziwa uma amaqhwa engasalindele, ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi ensimini?
Isigaba sesibili ukulungiselela izinto zokutshala. Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi kusuka kumbewu:
- zihlelwe ngaphambilini, zilahlwe;
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukucwilisa ubhontshisi (gqoka i-gauze izinsuku ezingu-2-3 nokuhluma);
- kuhle ukuwabeka imizuzu emihlanu kwisisombululo esilulayo se-boric acid ukuze uvikele amahlumela ezinambuzane;
- insimu iswakanyisiwe, ubhontshisi uhlanganiswe emigqeni kuya ku-5 cm ejulile, isikhathi esiphakathi kwezitshalo singama-15 cm;
- uma kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihleliwe, igebe phakathi kwabo kufanele libe okungenani ama-40 cm;
- Amabhontshisi aphefumulayo ahlwanyelwa izidleke - izingcezu ezingu-5-7 ngayinye;
- Imibhede imbewu inisela;
- uma kungekho ukusekelwa eduze, khona-ke izikhonkwane ziyaqhutshwa emhlabathini.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ubhontshisi?
Ngemva kokubhekana nokufika, kufanele ucabange ngendlela yokutshala ubhontshisi futhi uhlinzeke ngokunakekelwa okusemandleni. Ubhontshisi abukho izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kukhona umehluko. Ubhontshisi - ukukhula okulungile nokunakekelwa:
- Ukukhulula inhlabathi. Umhlaba udinga ukuphoswa ekuqaleni kokuhluma, ikakhulukazi emva kokunisela noma imvula. Le nqubo ayivumeli inhlabathi ukuthi ime futhi ingadluli kahle umswakama. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucophelela, ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Ukukhululeka kungahlanganiswa ne-weeding.
- Ukulawula izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile, ubhontshisi uhlasela ama-slugs . Ukuze sivimbele ubunzima, sidinga ukuqeda ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele futhi siqaphele umswakama womhlaba. Lapho izinambuzane zivela, ngesandla zisuse. Ngokumelene nezifo ezithinta izidakamizwa zisebenzisa izidakamizwa zethusi.
- Ukuphoqa. Emva kokuba izitshalo zifinyelele ubude bamamitha amabili, kumele zifinyezwe kusukela phezulu, ukuze zivuselele ukuklama kwama-ovari.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamabhontshisi
Njengomthetho, ukukhulisa ubhontshisi ngobukhulu bezithelo ezinkulu kusiza umanyolo. Isikhathi sokuqala, isiko lebhontshisi sidliwa ngesikhathi senyanga. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo obunzima obunamaminerali (40 amagremu ngamitha yendawo ngayinye). Inqubo yenziwa kanye nokukhululeka, ukuxuba ukubunjwa nenhlabathi. Ukuze ukhule ubhontshisi ensimini, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ukungabi nalutho kwe-nitrogen, okuvela esimweni esibi sezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, umhlabathi ugcwele i-droppings yezinyoni ezixubekile.
Isikhathi sesibili umanyolo usungulwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20. Ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba i-ovari yezithelo ezinkulu ezidinga i-magnesium, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Leli setha lezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali likhona emlonyeni wokhuni. Yanezelwa ngqo emhlabathini noma ilungiselelwe ukumnika. Amapuni amabili we-ingxube yelitha ngalinye lamanzi agcinwa izinsuku eziningana, bese ephuza isitshalo
Ukunisela ubhontshisi
Amabhontshisi ayakuthanda amanzi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amahlamvu kanye nama-pods. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ukhule kahle kanjani ubhontshisi futhi ungawusisi kahle. Ekuqaleni, isiko selinisela kanye ngesonto, besebenzisa amalitha ama-5-6 amalitha emitha ngayinye. Ngemuva kokuba lesi sitshalo sibe namaqabunga angu-4-5, ukugcoba kungamiswa - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umswakama owandayo unomthelela ekukhuleni kwamagatsha, kanti ukulimala kuyawohloka.
Ukunisela kuqhubeka futhi emva kokuqala kwezimbali kanye nefods ifomu. Izinga lakhe liphakama - ama-15-20 amalitha ngomitha wendawo ngayinye. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi emvula phakathi kwemigqa. Kunconywa ukugwema ukuthola amaconsi emaqabungeni, ukuze angabhubhisi izifo ze-fungal. Ukunisela kwenziwa ekuseni, ukuze izwe lomeke ebusuku.
Yikuphi ubhontshisi okungcono ukukhula?
Lesi siko somndeni wezinambuzane sinezithelo ngendlela yezimpondo nezithelo. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhulisa ubhontshisi wezintambo, kubalulekile ukunquma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo. Zonke izinhlobo zalo zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokusho kokukhula kwazo: i-curly and bushy. Izithelo zihluka ngobukhulu nomthunzi - kukhona obomvu , omhlophe , ophuzi, obomvu, obomvu noma obonakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezikhathi ezahlukene zokuvuthwa. Ukuze ube nesikhathi sonke sokuvuna, ungahlanganisa izinhlobo. Isibhontshisi sehlathi, isibonelo, sithatha isikhala esiningi, kodwa singakafiki. Ukuvunguza kukuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esikhulu kukhasi elincane.
Ama-asparagus ubhontshisi - akhula
Lesi siko sifana kakhulu ne-asparagus. Umehluko walo kusuka kubhontshisi ovamile ukuthi ama-pods ayenawo ungqimba wesikhumba, adliwa ngotshani. Indlela yokutshala i-asparagus ubhontshisi:
- isiko sihlwanyelwa ngoMeyi endaweni enelanga;
- I-Potassium ne-ash ash zifakwa emhlabathini;
- Uhlelo lokutshala: ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo li-10-15 cm, imigqa ihlelwe ngo-40 cm;
- Isihlahla se-asparagus ubhontshisi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-50 cm, ukuqhuma - 2 m, kubo kuyadingeka ukufaka izisekeli;
- ukuphuza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwempande, uma izwe limile;
- emva kokumisa imibhede kumele ukhulule;
- ngemuva kwamahlumela afinyelela ku-2.5m ukuphakama, aphikisa;
- ukutshala ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zikhiqiza ezinsukwini ezingama-50, sekwephuzile - emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100-130;
- izithelo zidilizwe esimweni sokubisi ubisi.
Indlela yokukhulisa ubhontshisi obomvu?
Izinhlobo zobhontshisi obomvu zihlukile: I-Colorado, i-Skorospelka, i-Tashkent, i-Tomato nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa - I-Winner enezimbali ezibomvu noma i-raspberry ring nge pink. Ubhontshisi obomvu bamba ukuvunwa okuphezulu nokucebile kwamavithamini. Ikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngaphandle kobumba. Indlela yokukhulisa ubhontshisi wezinyosi ezihlobisa :
- imbewu ingahlwanyelwa kakade ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ngezikhathi eziyi-20 cm komunye nomunye kuya ku-5 cm 2-3 izicucu ngokujulile;
- emgodini ungangeza umlotha omncane no-1 tsp. umanyolo obunzima;
- ngoba kuyadingeka ukusungula ngesikhathi esisekelwayo - izigqoko-izimbambo, izingodo zamapulangwe noma zensimbi ezinamathanga ahanjiswa phakathi kwazo. Ngokuvamile ubhontshisi utshalwe eceleni kocingo noma izindonga zendlu, lapho kuheha khona wonke umuntu ngemibala ekhanyayo futhi ihlobisa isayithi;
- ukuze isitshalo sikhule ubukhulu obuhlaza obumnyama, inhlabathi ifafaza ama-humus 5 mm obukhulu.;
- Ngesikhathi sehlobo i-fertilizer eziningana zifaka umquba wamaminerali;
- Ubhontshisi obomvu zidinga ukuchelela okuningi;
- Ngenyanga ka-Agasti kunezithelo - ama-pods amahle amakhulu amakhulu nezithelo ezinemibala.
Ubhontshisi obumnyama - indlela yokukhula?
Ubhontshisi obunjalo butholakala e-maroon njengohlobo lwe-Kindi noma cishe olumnyama - i-Preto. Lezi ubhontshisi zihlukile kwabanye ngobumnandi obuphezulu, isakhiwo esiqinile kanye nenyama yokubhema. Izifundo zokubunjwa kwamabhontshisi abamnyama ziye zafakazela ukuthi lokhu kuwumkhiqizo ocebile kakhulu futhi owusizo wesitshalo. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, eduze nesilwane.
Ama-agrotechnics wokulima ubhontshisi abamnyama , ukulima nokulondoloza akufani nezezinye izinhlobo zobhontshisi ezijwayelekile. Ikhula kahle emhlabathini okhanyayo, ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu inamanzi ashisayo (ama-70 degrees) ngokungezwa kwe-potassium permanganate. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuhilela ukukhulula, ukuphuza, ukudla, ukuchelela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimbali. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izithelo ezimnyama kuphela azithintekile yizinambuzane ngokusanhlamvu. Ngemva kokubhekana nombuzo wokuthi kufanele ukhule kanjani ubhontshisi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamabhontshisi. Ukwenza lokhu, bomile futhi bagcinwe emasakeni okugqoka.
Indlela yokukhulisa ubhontshisi omhlophe?
Isitshalo esinezithelo ezimhlophe sibhekisela ekuvuthweni nasekuzinikeleni okuphezulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuzihlukanisa ngesikhathi sokutshala, isihlahla esisodwa sinikezwe ibanga elingangesigamu semitha. Amabhontshisi akhula, ezinye izincomo:
- Amabhontshisi amhlophe atshisa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa - liqhubekela phambili ku-18-25 ° C. Emva kokuhlwanyela, le ndawo ingafakwa ngefilimu ye-polyethylene - ngakho iyofudumala ngokushesha;
- ngenxa yokukhula kwamabhontshisi amhlophe, kuyadingeka umswakama - ngokuntuleka kwayo, izimbali ziyokwehla. Kodwa amanzi asemanzini nawo ayingozi - iziqongo zizokhula, kodwa ngeke kube khona izithelo;
- isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi - lapho ezinye izihlahla zikhula, phansi kuyoba;
- Lapho useneminyaka eyishumi nambili, udinga ukutshala izihlahla nge-superphosphate.