Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi u- anyanisi ovamile ubonakala kanjani. Kodwa ngempendulo yombuzo othi "uyini isithunzi?" Abaningi bethu bakuthola kunzima ukuphendula. Kodwa nokho lo mnsalo uthandwa kakhulu kokubili ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe. Engxenyeni ye-Ukraine, ama-shallots ayaziwa ngokuthi "kuschevka", ebukhulu beRussia "njengomndeni", futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi "shallots" bayazi eYurophu. Kulimala ama-shallots ezivela imbewu kanye nezisekelo eziyisisekelo zamasu akhe okulima futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.
Izinhlobo ze-shallots
I-Shallot iyiqembu lama-anyanisi amaningi. Kusukela e-anyanisi evamile, ihlukaniswa amandla okukwazi ukwakheka kwelinye lamabhuleki enina. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-shallots anemibala ehlukene nesimo. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo ze-shallots:
- Chapaevsky;
- I-Sprint;
- Kunak;
- Kushchevka Kharkov;
- U-Albert;
- U-Aristarku;
- I-Asterisk;
- Inkathi engasebenzi.
Ukutshalwa kwezingcweti nokuzinakekela
Ukuhlakulela izitshalo ezingasetshenziswa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: kusuka kumbewu nama-bulb. Uma u-anyanisi ohlwanyelwe (vegetatively), i-patch ye-shallots isilungele ekwindla, futhi itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isisetshenziselwa ukutshala izinto okwesikhathi esithile emanzini afudumele. Ukutshala, ama-amancane (kuze kube ngu-4 cm ububanzi) akhethiwe futhi agxilile emhlabathini ngendlela nje intamo ihlala emhlabathini. Ukutshala ama-shallots kwenziwa ngokwesiko 10 * 20: 10 cm phakathi kwama-bul no-20 cm phakathi kwemigqa.
Kusukela kumbewu, ama-shallots akhuliswa kanje: ahlwanyela imbewu ezindaweni ezijulile ezicishe zibe ngu-3 cm, esezigcinele amahora angu-48 esikhwameni se-gauze esiswakanyiswe emanzini. Emva kokuhlwanyela ama-grooves okutshala kumele ahanjiswe ne-compost noma i-peat.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhula kwe-shallots yemifino kuyindlela elula kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo, njengoba lo mnsalo ubhekise kabi kakhulu, futhi imbewu kaningi ayinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Umbhede we-shallots kufanele ukhethwe esakhiweni esicabazelayo nenhlabathi evundile futhi evundile. Izandulela phambili ze-shallot zizoba izitshalo: i-peas, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi kanye nomakhelwane ophumelelayo - izaqathe . Endaweni ekhethiwe, umbhede wendondo ungasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine ukugcina imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Izinsisekelo ze-agronomy ye-shallots
Njengoba sibhekane nendlela yokutshala ama-shallots, ake siqhubeke nendlela yokunakekela ngayo. Ukunakekela lo mnsho kuhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi evamile: ukusika, ukunisela, ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ukuphuza i-anyanisi kuyadingeka uma kunesidingo, ukuze inhlabathi ifakwe, kodwa ingagcwaliswa. Amaviki amane ngaphambi kokuthi isitshalo sisuswe, ukuchelela kufanele kumiswe.
Ngaphezu kokunisela, ama-shallots aphinde adinga ukwesekwa, ikakhulukazi uma etshalwe enhlabathini encane yokuzala. Ukutshala emva kokutshala amaqabunga, ukufaka emhlabathini u-nitrogen okhulayo: urea, slurry. Esikhathini sokubunjwa kwe-shallots, kungenzeka futhi ukondla ngokufaka ama-potash umanyolo emhlabathini.
Ukuze uthole ama-ampger amakhulu, phakathi nehlobo, ingxenye ye-anyanisi esuka esidlekeni isusiwe, ishiya kuphela ubukhulu (izingcezu ezingu-5-6). Yenzani ngalendlela: ngobumnene ubeke phansi bese uphumelela u-anyanisi omncane kunayo yonke ipeni. Ngaphezu kokukhula ngaphandle, ama-shallots afanelekile futhi atshalwe
Shallots - izifo nezinambuzane
Sekuyisikhathi eside isikhathi sezulu esibanda futhi sezulu, ama-shallots angase ahlupheke yizifo ezifayo: i-peronosporosa nokubola komlomo wesibeletho. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba singathinti umbhede wonke, izitshalo ezithintekayo kumele zisuswe futhi imibhede iphathwe nama-antifungal agents. Ukulwa ne-anyanisi ukushayela ngomlotha, futhi kusukela ezimpethu emaqabunga, ama-shallots angagcinwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sikasawoti (1 ingilazi yesikasa ngamabhakede 1 amanzi).