Thayipha i-1 yesifo sikashukela - konke okudingayo ukwazi ngesifo

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 luyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwe-glucose ukungasebenzi kahle. Ngama-CD1 kukhona ukungabi khona kwe-insulini - i-hormone enomthwalo wokwamukelwa ushukela ngama-tissue - nokwanda kweglucose. Inkinga ivela ngenxa yokuthi ukuzivikela ngephutha kuqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana e-beta futhi kubhubhise.

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zesifo zifana, kepha zinemibono ephawulekayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sikashukela kuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo:

• i-insulin exhomekile;
• i-insulin-emele;
• Isifo sikashukela esibangelwa ukudla okunganele okwanele kwezakhi zomzimba;
• I-SD, ebangelwa isenzo semithi noma amakhemikhali;
• isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa .

Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-diabetes mellitus

Kubizwa nangokuthi uncike ekutheni i-insulin. Uhlobo lwe-1 lwe-diabetes mellitus yisimo lapho, ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, amangqamuzana e-beta afa emanzini - labo abathintekayo ekukhiqizeni i-insulin. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba unesifo se-hormone. Kukhona isifo sikashukela esisekelwe yi-insulini lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikhulela ukuziphatha ngokungalungile. Lokhu kungabangelwa izimbangela zefa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda: awukwazi ukuzuza i-diabetes, kuphela ukuguqulwa kokugula kudluliselwa ezingeni legeni.

2 uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela mellitus

Izifo ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-insulin ezincike kulolu sifo, njengombuso, zifunyanwa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-30-40 ubudala, behlukunyezwa ngokweqile. Ama-pancreas awo akhiqiza i-insulini, kodwa amangqamuzana omzimba asabela ngokungalungile kuwo ngenxa yokwehla komzwelo. Uma i-type 2 yesifo sikashukela ihlala isikhathi eside, i-lower the production of hormone. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi izinga eliphezulu le-glucose lilimaza amangqamuzana akhiqiza into.

Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela se-type 1

Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-autoimmune, ngoba inkinga enkulu lapho iqala ukuphulwa emsebenzini wokuzivikela. Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zingase zibe yifa. Kodwa ngisho noma abazali bobabili behlushwa i-CD1, ingane ingazalwa ngokuphelele enempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi izimbangela zesifo sikashukela se-type 1 zivela empilweni yemvelo futhi zithuthukise ngemuva kwesizinda:

• inkukhu ikhukhu;
• isingenisi;
• i-rubella;
• izimpumputhe;
• i-hepatitis yegciwane.

Amagciwane amaningi awonakalisa amaseli e-beta, kodwa ezimweni eziningi umzimba ungabuyisa konke. Kuzo zonke izimo ezinzima kakhulu, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zezicubu ezinama-pancreatic ezikhiqiza i-insulin zibhujiswa, ukutholakala akunakwenzeka. Kukhona ama-microorganisms akhiqiza amaprotheni afana nokubunjwa nokuhlelwa kwamaseli e-beta. Ukubhubhisa, ukuzivikela komzimba kuqeda futhi kuyingxenye ye-pancreas. Ngisho nalapho igciwane lingatholakali, umzimba uyaqhubeka ulwa.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela soku-1 - izimpawu

Njengomthetho, izimpawu zesifo ziyingozi. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela se-type 1 zibukeka kanje:

• ukoma njalo (njalo ufuna ukuphuza, ngisho nangemva nje kokuphuza ingilazi yamanzi);
• umlomo owomile;
• itching;
• isifiso esiningi sokuvuthwa (kuze kufike amalitha ayishumi kagesi ngosuku angabelwa iziguli);
• ukujuluka ngokweqile;
• ukucasula;
• ukucindezeleka;
• i-tantrums;
• ukuguquka kwemizwelo ebukhali;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele;
• ukwehla okubonakalayo kokusebenza kahle;
• ukuwohloka kombono.

Uma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type 1 seluqalile, iziguli ziqaphela ukwanda kwesifiso. Kodwa azitholi isisindo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa, iziguli ziwela phansi ku-10-15 kg. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifiso kancane kancane kufakwe esikhundleni se-anorexia, okungenxa ye-ketoacidosis. Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngokubonakala kwephunga le-acetone emlonyeni. Lesi simo sihambisana nokuhlaselwa yisicashu, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ubuhlungu besisu.

Ukuhlolisisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Ezimweni eziningi, kulula kakhulu ukunquma inkinga. Iqiniso liwukuthi iziguli eziningi ziza usizo kuphela uma isifo sikashukela esinesifo sikashukela se-insulin siphelile esigabeni esinqatshiwe, futhi zonke izimpawu ziye zacaciswa ngokucacile. Uma le mibuzo ihlala, lochwepheshe kumele akhiphe kuqala zonke izifo ezinokubonakaliswa okufanayo-njenge-diabetes insipidus, i-hyperparathyroidism, ukuhluleka okungenangqondo kwe-renal, noma i-polydipsia yengqondo. Ukunquma isifo sikashukela sezingane ezincane - ushukela 1, kubalulekile ukuqhuba uchungechunge lwegazi:

• ushukela ;
• ekubekezelelaneni ne-glucose ;
• kwi- hemoglobin eglycated .

Indlela yokuphatha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1?

Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuncike kakhulu kumguli. Indlela yokwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1? Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli sidinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, zonke izivivinyo ezifunekayo kufanele zithathwe.
2. Udinga ukuthenga i-glucometer. Idivayisi kufanele ibe yikhwalithi ephezulu, inembile futhi isebenze kahle.
3. Izinga likashukela kufanele lihlolwe njalo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela, qala idayari ekhethekile.
4. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlobo lwe-1 lungelashwa kuphela ngokunamathela kuzo zonke izincomo zesidokotela.
5. Ukuhlaziya izinguquko emazingeni kashukela egazi, kufanele ulungise ukudla kwakho.

Uma isiguli silandela ngokucacile yonke imiyalelo, maduzane uzokwazi ukubona izinguquko ezinhle. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isifo sikashukela sobusha sishiya ukuqhubeka futhi siphenduka, kungenzeka ezintweni ezinjalo:

1. Izinga ushukela egazini libuyela emuva evamile.
2. Izinkomba ezithuthukisiwe ekuhlaziyeni.
3. Isisindo sijwayelekile (sinciphisa noma sikhuphuka, kuye ngezici zomuntu ngamunye).
4. Isiguli siqala ukuzwa siqaphile.
5. Azikho ukujula kwegazi nokukhathala.
6. Emzimbeni, kunamaseli e-beta (ungabheka ukutholakala kwawo usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-C-peptide).

Ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo kwesifo sikashukela

Njengoba kungakabikho ukukhipha ngokuphelele i-CD1, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukwelapha okunjalo kuhlose ukulawula izinga lokushukela egazini, ukulungisa isisindo somzimba, ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezinkinga, ukuhlinzeka isiguli ngemibandela ekhululekile yokuphila nomsebenzi.

I-insulini yesifo sikashukela

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ne-CD1 okwamanje kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokwelashwa. Kuphumelela kakhulu ukuyiqhuba embusweni wamajojo amaningi. Indlela yokuphoqa i- insulin , ukhetha ochwepheshe. Ukuzikhethela kuvame ukuvela emaqenjini amabili amakhulu:

1. Ukwelashwa kwendabuko kuhilela ukwethulwa kwemijovo emibili yesenzo esiphakathi kanti eyodwa-emfushane phakathi kwabo. Amalungiselelo ajojelwe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Ekuseni, cishe u-60 kuya ku-70% we-dose yansuku zonke kufanele isetshenziswe. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle, kodwa lunomphumela - ukwelashwa kwendabuko kudinga ukunamathela okuqinile ekuzivocavoca nokudla njalo.
2. Uhlelo olujulile luhlanganisa ukwethulwa izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku lwe-insulin ephakathi kanye nokujola kathathu kokulungiselela "okufishane". Ngenxa yalokho, umthamo wansuku zonke wezidakamizwa zesenzo eside siphansi, futhi kulula - ngaphezulu.

Okusha ekwelapheni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Imithi iqhutshwa njalo. Izindlela zokwelapha i-CD1 nazo ziyathuthukiswa. Ososayensi baseMelika baye bahlakulela umuthi omusha wokugoma. Ngiyabonga, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kungasebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Umjovo wenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies. Ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwempendulo yomzimba. Kalula nje, lo mgomo ungakwazi ukubona "amangqamuzana" wegazi wegazi futhi uqondise ukuhlaselwa kwegciwane, kunokuba kube nezici ezinempilo. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana ama-pancreas anethuba lokubuyiselwa, futhi ukufihla kwe-insulin yabo emzimbeni kuvamile.

Ukudla nge-type 1 yesifo sikashukela

Njengoba i-SD1 iqala ngokumelene nesigqila sokubamba umzimba ngokujwayelekile ukuze kunqobe ukugula, imithetho eminingana eyisisekelo yokudla okudingekayo kufanele ibonwe:

1. Isiguli kufanele sibale amakholori emikhiqizo.
2. Ukudla kufanele kube izinga eliphezulu kanye nemvelo.
3. Ukudla okunomsoco wesifo sikashukela 1 kufanele kuhlukaniswe zibe ngu-5 kuya ku-6 ukwamukelwa.
4. Esikhundleni soshukela, kufanele usebenzise i-sweetener.
5. Iningi lama-carbohydrate kufanele libe sekuseni nasekuseni.

Uma lesi sifo singadliwa:

• amantongomane amasha;
• i-porridge (i-oatmeal, i-pearl ibhali, i-buckwheat);
• ubisi lwe-soy;
• tofu;
• bezdozhzhevuyu baking;
• imifino;
• isithelo;
• i-compotes;
• amanzi amaminerali;
• itiye kanye nekhofi ezingenakusihlwa.

Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 asibandakanyi:

• utshwala;
• bukhali;
• ukubhema;
• isobho;
• izinwele;
• okumnandi;
• imikhiqizo esiphelile;
• ukudla okusheshayo;
• inyama;
• inhlanzi;
• i-pasta nofulawa.

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela se-type 1

Noma yisiphi isifo esesabekayo ngenxa yezinkinga zayo. Uma ushiywe ungaphenduliwe, thayipha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela singabangela:

• i-ketoacidosis;
• i-coma ye-hypoglycemic;
• isifo sikashukela / i-macroangiopathy - izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ezihambisana nokuphelelwa amandla kwe-vascular, ukukhuphuka kwenhlanhla nokwandisa ingozi ye-thrombosis;
• ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-cataract;
• ukubukeka kobuhlungu emalungwini kanye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwabo;
• ukulimala izinso nokubonakala kwamangqamuzana egazi emcimbini (futhi ezimweni ezinzima nokuthuthukiswa kwehluleka kwezinso).

Ukukhulelwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Masinyane kudingeka ukucacise ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 aluyinto yokuphikisana nokukhulelwa. Kodwa futhi ukuhlela izingane kwabesifazane abanokuhlushwa okunjalo kumele kusengaphambili futhi ngokucophelela. Kungcono ukuqala ukuqeqesha izinyanga eziyisithupha - ngonyaka. Kule nkathi kubalulekile ukufezekisa isinxephezelo esinqinile - izindinganiso zika normoglycemia - futhi uzigcine ezingeni elifanele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuqhubekele ngokujwayelekile, futhi akukho izinkinga.

Phakathi nokukhulelwa, izidingo ze-insulin zizoshintshashintsha. Ukuphakama kwe-oscillations kungumuntu ngamunye. Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe abaqapheli ngisho nezinguquko. Ngokuvamile, omama abazayo abane-diabetes mellitus bahlushwa i-toxicosis ngokuhlanza. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha, ngoba emva kokujola, ama-carbohydrate awahlinzeki kahle.

Ngosuku lokuzalwa, kungcono ukungenisa i-insulin yangemuva. Noma unganciphisa kakhulu umthamo. Kuphi izinga - kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela we-endocrinologist. Masinyane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ushukela lungakhula. Lokhu kubangelwa injabulo eqinile yowesifazane. Kwezinye izimo, i-glucose iwa - ngenxa yomthwalo osindayo. Ukubamba iqhaza kuhambisana nokunciphisa ushukela, ngakho ngaphambi kokuncelisa umama kufanele uthathe ingxenye eyengeziwe yokudla kwe-carbohydrate.