Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo , ukushaywa kanye nezinye ukulimala kwemithwalo yegazi yi-atherosclerosis. Indima eyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni i-pathology idlala yi- cholesterol (utshwala be-lipophilic), ama-molecule ayofakwa ezindongeni ze-arteries nama-capillaries ngendlela yamacwecwe amakhulu. Ukuhlushwa kwalo kufanele kunciphise ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis.
Izitatimende - kuyini?
Iningi labantu ababhekene nezifo zenhliziyo libona ukuthi imithi ehlwitha i-lipid-downing iyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi ephephile eyanciphisa i-cholesterol. Lokhu akuyona incazelo yangempela. Ukuqonda okucacile ngalokho okushiwo yi-statins, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokwakhiwa nokusabalalisa kotshwala lwe-lipophilic, injongo kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
I-cholesterol ingakhiqizwa ngaphakathi komzimba, bese uyifaka ngaphandle, isibonelo, ngokudla. Lesi sakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi siyadingeka ukuze:
- i-biosynthesis yama-corticosteroids nama-hormone ocansi;
- ukuvikelwa kwama-erythrocytes kusuka e-hemolytic poisons;
- ukulawulwa kwe-cell permeability;
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-bile acid namavithamini weqembu D;
- ukuqiniswa kwekhanda le-plasma.
Umzimba womuntu ukhiqiza amaprotheni anzima - i-lipoproteins. Badlala indima yabathwali bama-molecules we-cholesterol kusuka esibindi kuya kuzicubu nasemuva. Izitatimende zivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme ezandulela ukwakhiwa kwe-lipoproteins. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-cholesterol elifaka izicubu liyancipha, futhi ivolumu yokuthutha okuhamba phambili iyanda. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lonke lophuza lipophiliki emzimbeni linciphisa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidakamizwa ezicatshangelwayo zifaka isandla ekukhuleni okuphephile kwama-fatty tissues asekhona kakade nama-plaque ezitsheni.
Izitembu ezivela ku-cholesterol zilungile futhi zimbi
Ngisho nezidakamizwa eziphuthumayo kakhulu ze-lipid zinezimo ezimbi, ngakho-ke zivinjelwe ngokuqinile ukukhetha nokuzithandela. Izitatimende zinqunywe kuphela uma kukhona ubufakazi obuqondile bokusetshenziswa kwazo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol kungancishiswa kwezinye izindlela eziphumelelayo neziphephile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa kokudla, ukunqatshwa kwemikhuba emibi, ukwanda kwezinga lomsebenzi womzimba kanye nokujwayelekile kombuso womsebenzi nokuphumula.
Izitatimende ezisuka ku-cholesterol zilungile
Izidakamizwa ezichazweyo yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zenhliziyo, lapho izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zingasebenzi kahle. Izinzuzo zama-statins zilandelayo:
- kunciphise ingozi yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo;
- ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okudlulayo , ukushaywa;
- ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sokuqina kwesifo somzimba;
- ukujwayelekile komsebenzi wenhliziyo ngokumelene ne-angina, ischemic;
- ukukhululeka kwezibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokukhuluphala;
- ukubuthakathaka kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezindongeni zamasongo;
- ukuqiniswa kwama- atherosclerotic plaques ;
- ukukhipha igazi, okunciphisa ingozi yezindwangu zegazi;
- ukujwayeleka kwezinqubo zokuxilonga umzimba emzimbeni;
- i-vasodilation.
Izitatimende ezisuka ku-cholesterol yizidakamizwa eziphumelela kakhulu neziphephile zokuphuthumisa ukuvuselelwa emva:
- i-stenting;
- ukushaywa ischemic;
- ukuhlinzekwa kwe-coronary bypass;
- i-angioplasty;
- i-infarction ye-myocardial;
- embolism yamapulmoni.
Ukulimala kwama-statins
Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenzisa le mithi ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Ngokuhambisana nokunciphisa ekukhiqizweni kwe-lipoproteins, izidakamizwa ze-statin zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-coenzymes Q10. Lezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zinika amandla emisipha yomzimba nobuchopho. Ngokuntuleka kwe-coenzymes, izinkinga ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:
- ukukhathala;
- ubuthakathaka nobuhlungu emisipha;
- ukushintshashintsha nokuguquka okubukhali ekucindezeni kwegazi;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokukhululekile;
- ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zomzimba (rhabdomyolysis).
Kunezinye izimo ezimbi ezicasulwa yimigomo - imiphumela emibi zibandakanya:
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukuwohloka kokuzwa nokubukhali kokuzwa okunambitheka;
- ukunciphisa inani leplatelet egazini;
- i-heartburn;
- ukuphuma kwegazi njalo;
- ubuhlungu esifundeni se-epigastric;
- imvamisa yokwanda kokuchama;
- izinkinga zesitoreji;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukwephulwa kwamandla;
- ukusabela okweqile;
- isiyezi;
- isicasuli;
- ukukhwehlela owomile;
- i-edema yedolobha;
- Ukwandisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba emisebeni ye-ultraviolet;
- i-eczema;
- ukubomvu nokushaywa kwe-epidermis;
- flatulence;
- ukuhlanza;
- imvamisa eyengeziwe yokuvuselelwa kwesifo sokuphefumula kwesibindi;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukuphazanyiswa kobuchopho;
- isimo sengqondo siyashintsha;
- i-jaundice;
- i-pancreatitis;
- ukuxubha;
- ukukhushulwa kwe-arthritis kanye ne-arthrosis;
- isimo sengqondo siyashintsha;
- ukucasula;
- izilonda zezincubu ezingenalo ukuvuvukala;
- i-anorexia;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukucubungula nokuhlobisa izingxenyana ezingaphezulu kwesikhumba;
- i-hepatitis;
- ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga e-ushukela egazini;
- ukunqotshwa nokuvuvukala kwezinso.
Ngisho nama-statins aphephile anemiphumela emibi eminingi emibi, kodwa ayenzeka ngokungajwayelekile futhi ikakhulukazi kubantu abangahambisani nemithetho yokusebenzisa imithi. Ukwelashwa nge-lipid-downing imithi kuhilela ukwenqatshwa utshwala, ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca njalo nokudla okulinganiselayo okunempilo. Uma unamathela kulezi zinkambiso, imiphumela emibi igwenywa kalula.
Izizukulwane zama-statins
Imithi yokuqala ye-lipid-ukwehlisa yayihlukaniswe nemikhiqizo yemvelo. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinhlanganisela, izidakamizwa zeqembu le-lovastatin zakhiwe. Izinhlobonhlobo ezisele nezizukulwane ezintsha zezidakamizwa zenziwa ngezici zokwenziwa. Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi izitho zemvelo ezivela ku-cholesterol zisebenza kahle futhi ziphephile. Imithi yokwenyuka ayinamathuba amancane okuba nemiphumela emibi futhi ibekezelela kangcono. Ngaphandle kwe-lovastatin, isizukulwane sokuqala sama-ejenti achazwe sihlanganisa i-simvastatin ne-pravastatin.
Ngisho nezidakamizwa zokuphuza i-lipid ziqala ukwenza umphumela ovelele. Izitembu ezinhle kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvimbela ukushaywa, isifo sokuqina kwesifo sofuba, isifo se-myocardial infarction, ikakhulukazi uma kunezifo ezibalwe phansi ezibalwe phansi. Izinkomba zokuthatha izidakamizwa zokuqala:
- i-coronary atherosclerosis;
- Ukungakwazi ukudla okuyinkimbinkimbi nemithwalo yemvelo;
- i-hypercholesterolemia eyinhloko.
Isizukulwane sesibili sezidakamizwa esibhekwayo simelelwe kuphela yi-fluvastatin. Lezi yimithi ephumelelayo nephephile engabekwa ngisho nasezinsaneni ezineminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Zinewosawoti we-sodium, ngakho-ke ukuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol egazini kuyanciphisa ngokushesha. Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwe-fluvastatin:
- i-dyslipidemia yohlobo oluxubile;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo (ukuvimbela izinkinga);
- i-coronary atherosclerosis;
- i-hypercholesterolemia;
- Ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi yenhliziyo nokuhlinzeka ngamathambo.
Isizukulwane sesithathu semithi yokunciphisa i-lipid i-atorvastatin. Ukuziqhenya kwezidakamizwa ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwenqubo yesifo senhliziyo yonke. Kukholelwa ukuthi izitembu ezivela ku-cholesterol ziyiziphilisi ezisheshayo, eziphumelela kakhulu futhi eziphephile zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo senhliziyo, kuhlanganise nesifo esingenasifo se-ischemic. Izinkomba ngenhloso yabo:
- isandulela-nhlobo kwezifo zesimiso senhliziyo;
- i-dyslipidemia ehlanganisiwe;
- ukulinganisa i-hypercholesterolemia;
- i-atherosclerosis eqhubekayo.
Izitatimende zesizukulwane sakamuva zihlanganisa i-Pitavastatin ne-rosuvastatin. Lezi zidakamizwa zithuthuka zakamuva emkhakheni wezokwelapha, zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwababengaphambi kwazo:
- umphumela okusheshayo (imiphumela iyabonakala kusukela ngesonto lokuqala lokungena);
- isilinganiselwa sokulingana kokwelapha;
- isenzo esiqhubekayo;
- ingozi encane yemiphumela emibi;
- amathuba okusebenzisa kanyekanye nama-cardiac agents;
- akukho nhlobo kumthelela we-glucose.
Izitembu ezintsha ezisuka ku-cholesterol yizixazululo eziphumelele kakhulu futhi eziphephile eziphakanyisiwe kula macala alandelayo:
- hypercholesterolemia kunoma yisiphi isigaba;
- ukuqhubekela phambili, okunzima ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- i-dyslipidemia;
- ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo ezinsifo ze-vascular;
- ukuvuselelwa emva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukushaywa, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
I-Statin izidakamizwa - uhlu
Imithi engenhla esizukulwaneni ngasinye inegama elihlukile lokuhweba. Ngokuzikhethela khetha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini, awukwazi. Imithi engasebenzi engavumelekile, isilinganiso esingalungile, ukuhlanganiswa namanye amaqembu e-agent engokwemvelo kungabangela ukuba kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emibi kanye nezinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa ekusebenzeni kwesibindi, izinqubo zemithi. Udokotela kuphela oqeqeshiwe kufanele aluleke ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Isizukulwane esidingekayo sesimiso sikhethwe ngumchwepheshe.
Simvastatin analogues
Lesi sici sithengiswa ngendlela yamathebulethi egama elifanayo. Njengesithako esisebenzayo, i-simvastatin iqukethe izidakamizwa ezilandelayo eziphuza i-lipid-uhlu:
- Simvastol;
- Zovatin;
- Simgal;
- I-Zocor;
- Simvagexal;
- Kakhulu kakhulu;
- Simvard;
- I-Vastatin;
- Simvakor;
- I-Ovenkor;
- Simlo;
- Vazilip;
- Sincard nabanye.
Pravastatin analogues
Lona omunye ummeleli osebenza kahle futhi ophephile wezizukulwane zokuqala zezidakamizwa zokunciphisa i-lipid. Isithako esisebenzayo esinezici siqukethe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini (izitembu):
- I-Rightsgrave;
- Lipostat;
- Pravastatin.
Lovastatin analogues
Isidakamizwa sokuqala sokuphuza i-lipid, esikude ne-penicillin fungi, asiyona eyona ephumelela kakhulu, kodwa enye yezindlela eziphephe kakhulu kunazo zonke. Izidakamizwa ukuthi i-cholesterol ephansi, esekelwe ku-lovastatin:
- I-Holletar;
- Lovacor;
- I-cardiostatin;
- Lovasterol;
- Mevakor;
- Lovastatin;
- Apexstatin;
- Lovahexal;
- I-Medostatin;
- I-Rovacor;
- Liprox nabanye.
I-Fluvastatin analogues
Izitatimende ezisuka kwesibili cholesterol zenzelwe imithi eyodwa kuphela. Ngesisekelo sayo amaphilisi kuphela akhiqizwa - i-Leskol. Zithengiswa ezingu-3 izinguqulo ngesilinganiso esifanayo (80 mg):
- I-Classical (Leskol);
- I-Forte;
- I-XL.
I-Atorvastatin - i-analogues
Lesi sithako se-hypolipidemic singokwesizukulwane sesithathu semithi. Ukulungiswa kwesimiso ngesisekelo salo:
- Lipitor;
- Anistat;
- Liprimar;
- I-Atorvastatin;
- I-Tulip;
- Atomax;
- I-Canon;
- I-Torvacard;
- I-Atorvox;
- I-Liptonorm;
- Atoris nabanye.
I-Rosuvastatin analogues
Izitatimende zokunciphisa i-cholesterol kusukela esizukulwaneni sesine yizindlela eziphumelela kakhulu futhi eziphephile ezenzelwe isikhathi eside. I-Rosuvastatin, ngaphezu kwamaphilisi egama elifanayo, iqukethe emithini elandelayo:
- I-Mertenil;
- Rosulip;
- Isiphambano;
- I-Rosewood;
- Akorta;
- Rosart;
- I-Tevastor;
- I-Roxer.
Pitavastatin analogues
Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-lipid zesizukulwane sesine zagcwaliswa ngezidakamizwa ezibuzwa eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule. Lezi zinhlobo ezisuka ku-cholesterol zisebenza kahle futhi ziphephile phakathi kwayo yonke imithi efanayo. Banoba nomthelela osheshayo futhi omude kunayo yonke ingozi yempilo. Ngesisekelo sePitavastatin, ukhetho olulodwa kuphela lusatholakala - Livazo.
Izitatimende zesitulo sakamuva esinemiphumela emibi kakhulu
Odokotela abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakhetha ukubeka izidakamizwa eziphephile kuphela ezinezindlela ezincane zokwelapha kanye nesenzo eside. I-statins ephumelela kunazo zonke kusuka ku-cholesterol yi-rosuvastatin ne-Pitavastatin:
- Isiphambano;
- I-Mertenil;
- I-Roxer;
- I-Valarox;
- Rosáv;
- Akorta;
- I-Rosewood;
- Livazo.