I-Meningitis igcwele imiphumela emibi kanye nemiphumela ebulalayo. Ingozi enkulu kunayo yonke ifomu lesi sifo. Bangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Ingabe kukhona umuthi wokugoma lesi sifo? Ingabe kulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza prophylaxis kunokuyiphatha kamuva? Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka?
Ingabe kukhona umgomo wokulwa nomuthi?
Ukuze uthole ukuthi kukhona yini umuthi wokugoma we-meningitis, udinga ukuqonda izinhlobo zesifo. Kubangelwa ama-pathogens ahlukene: kokubili amabhaktheriya namagciwane ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Kuzo zonke izimo, lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha, ngokoqobo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Okuhlukile kuyifomu lesifo sofuba. Ukugeleza kwalo kuhamba kancane. Amafomu ajwayelekile kakhulu ama-purulent amafomu ane-infectionlet droplet esebenze umoya, okubangelwa yizihlobo ezilandelayo zezifo eziphilayo:
- i-meningococci;
- i-pneumococci;
- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo B.
Ingabe umuthi wokugoma ufanelekile we-meningitis?
ERussia ayikho imithi yokugoma enjalo kwikhalenda kazwelonke, futhi ukugoma kungenwa kwamacala ambalwa kuphela:
- Lapho lesi sifo, uma izinga lokufinyelela lifinyelela ezinganeni ezingu-20 kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.
- Ethimba lapho ingane enokusola kwesifo itholakele, wonke amaphuzu okuxhumana kufanele agonywe phakathi nesonto.
- Ukugonywa kuthinteka yizifunda lapho izinga lezibalo liphakeme khona.
- Ukugonywa okufanelekile kwezingane ezine-immunodeficiency.
Emazweni angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-hemophilia kuthathwa njengesibopho. Kula mazwe, isilinganiso sesilinganiso sanciphise sibe ngu-0%. Iqala ukuqhutshwa eneminyaka engu-2-3 nge-interval encane, kathathu, kanye no-DTP kanye ne-polio. Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-meningitis kunconywa yi-World Health Organization kubo bonke abantwana. Ukuze uzivikele wena nabathandekayo bakho, ungathola ngokwakho izindleko.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kusuka kumadoda kuya kubantu abadala
Ingozi yokuhlukumeza kubantu abadala iphansi kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akunjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-meningitis kubantu abadala udingekile ezimweni ezithile, nge:
- izinga eliphakeme lemiphumela esifundeni;
- ipeni elikude;
- iziphambeko ze-skull ze-anatomical;
- I-AIDS kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuzivivinya umzimba;
- abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho ingozi yokutheleleka iphakeme kunengozi yokulimala emtholampilo.
Iyini igama lomuthi wokugoma ngokumelene ne-meningitis?
Ngenxa yemvelo ehlukene yesifo, akukho isidakamizwa esisodwa esithile sokuvimbela lesi sifo. Umgomo wokulwa ne-meningitis, ogama lakhe lingabandakanywa egameni lomcibisholo wokugoma, lingenziwa ngezingqikithi ezahlukene, ngoba ukuze uvikele imvelo yakho ezincane ezincane ze-pathogen, kudingekile ukulungiselela okuningi.
Emazweni e-CIS, umgomo we-AKT-HIB wemvelaphi yangaphandle usakazeke. Ayinayo i-microbe, kodwa yezingxenye zayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho ama-pathogens asebenzayo okutheleleka. Ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-powder, ehlanjululwe nge-solvent ekhethekile. Futhi i-ACT-HIB isetshenziselwa kanye neminye imithi, ukuyixuba, ukunciphisa inani lemijovo.
Imishanguzo ye-Meningitis - uhlu
Kunezidakamizwa eziningana ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zebhaktheriya zesifo. Amafomu ahlanzekile angabangelwa izinhlobo eziningana zamabhaktheriya, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zifo, izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- Umgomo uvela ekutheleleni kwe-hemophilic. Lona yi-ACT-HIB, okukhulunywe ngenhla.
- Isidakamizwa esivela ekutheleleni kwe-meningococcal. Lolu hlobo lokugula kungakhathaliseki ubudala, kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Kunezifanekiselo ezifuywayo nezangaphandle.
- I-PNEVMO-23 ne-Prevenar ivikela umzimba ekungeneni kokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal. I-20-30% yenani lezinhlobo zama-bacterial of the disease libangelwa yizi microorganisms. Indlela yokudlulisela ihamba emoyeni.
Ibhonasi enhle kakhulu ukuvikela umzimba kanye no-ARI. Enye ifomu i-viral. Kubhekwa njengokulula, kubangelwa amacala angu-75-80% ngamagciwane e-enterophytic. Ukugonywa kusuka e-viral meningitis kuyimpoqo yokugoma kwengane, ngokusho kwekhalenda. Kufaka imithi yokulwa nesishukela, i-rubella, izimpumpi, inkukhu yenkukhu kanye nomkhuhlane.
Impendulo ye-inoculation ngokumelene ne-meningitis
Ngokuvamile, umgomo wokulwa ne-meningitis ubekezeleleke kahle. Akuvamile ukuthi ngemuva kokusungulwa kwezidakamizwa ngenhla kukhona ukuphendula kwendawo. Lokhu kubomvu, ubuhlungu, ubuhlungu endaweni yesejoyi. Kukhona nokunyuka okuncane kokushisa komzimba. Ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3 zonke izimpawu ezingathandeki zidlula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuphikisana okuyinhloko kokugoma:
- ezinye izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezinzima;
- ukusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe okwenziwe okwakungenwe izingxenye ezifanayo zangaphambili.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene namadoda - imiphumela
Uma sikhuluma ngemiphumela, khona-ke kuyingozi kakhulu uma kwenzeka ukugula. Umgomo wokulwa ne-meningitis ne-pneumonia uhlukile, owenzelwe ukugwema okunjalo. Izifo zezingane ezingavunyelwe zikhulu. Ukulwa nabo akulula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukhethe ngokuqondene nokuvimbela. Uma ukusabela ekugonyeni akudluli noma kunamandla, kungcono ukuthi uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Umuthi wokugoma we-meningitis usebenza kangaki?
Ukugonywa kudala isivikelo esihlala njalo ngokumelene nokutheleleka, okuphikelela iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqinisa ukuzivikela ekubhekaneni nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uvuselele isikhathi. Ukugonywa kwe-Hemophilus kwenziwa kathathu, nge-interval of izinyanga eziyi-1.5, kusukela eneminyaka engu-3. Ukugonywa kwe-meningococcal kwenziwa kanye, kudala ukuzivikela ezinganeni okungenani iminyaka emibili, kubantu abadala - iminyaka eyishumi. Ukubuyiswa kabusha kunconywa njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Umgomo wokulwa ne-otitis we-meningitis ne-pneumonia noma i-pneumococcal isetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-PNEVMO-23 (kusukela eminyakeni emibili) no-Prevenar (kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili). Ukugoma kunamaphethini ahlukene, okungenxa yobudala begciwane. Isidakamizwa esincane kunazo zonke sijova kathathu njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5. Ukubuyiswa kabusha kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-11-15. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, sebenzisa isingeniso esinezinyanga ezimbili ngezinyanga nezinyanga. I-Revaccination iphinde ikhuthazwe eneminyaka engu-1-2. Abantu abadala nabantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 yomjovo owodwa banele.